Probabilidades de Riesgo de Exposición al Mercurio en Comunidades Pesqueras de la Cuenca Grandes Lagos de Nicaragua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/esteli.v13i50.18482Palabras clave:
Exposición, lago, mercurio, peces, riesgoResumen
La contaminación ambiental por mercurio (Hg) es altamente tóxica y resulta en el detrimento de los ecosistemas acuáticos, así como en efectos negativos en la salud humana. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evidenciar las probabilidades de riesgo que tienen las comunidades pesqueras de los Grandes Lagos de Nicaragua, al consumir pescado con Hg procedente de estos ecosistemas. Para esto fue necesario diagnosticar la presencia de mercurio en el Lago Cocibolca. Entre enero y junio de 2022, se procedió a la colecta de agua y sedimentos del lago, se adquirieron pescados de acopios locales, se analizaron los niveles de Hg en las aguas, sedimentos y pescado y se aplicaron encuestas a cuatro comunidades de la cuenca de los Grandes Lagos para obtener información sobre el consumo de pescado y datos antropométricos para el análisis del riesgo. Los resultados muestran una baja biodisponibilidad del Hg en los Grandes Lagos de Nicaragua, sin embargo, el contenido de Hg en los pescados analizados es superior al de pescados proveniente de ambientes no contaminados (<0,008) mg/kg. El contenido de Hg en los peces (0,008 a 0,475) mg Hg/kg es significativamente menor (p<0,0001, α =0,05) en el Lago Cocibolca. Afortunadamente, las probabilidades del riesgo asociada al consumo de pescado son bajas (<4,4%) para las comunidades estudiadas de la cuenca del Lago Cocibolca. Sin embargo, las probabilidades de riesgo para las comunidades pesqueras de la cuenca del Lago Xolotlán sugieren vigilar la inocuidad, en cuanto al contenido de Hg, de estos recursos hidrobiológicos.
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