Humanismo y cambio social, es una publicación que busca dinamizar la producción académica basada en las líneas y planes de investigación del área de conocimiento de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas. De igual manera, pretende estimular redes académicas, científicas de intercambio y divulgación de los avances, y resultados de proyectos investigativos. Así mismo, es un espacio para la divulgación de las actividades más significativas, de emprendimiento, creación e innovación, realizada por los grupos de trabajo, áreas de interés y departamentos académicos.
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua. UNAN-Managua
Descolonización de las leyes de familia en Nicaragua
El objeto de este ensayo es el abandono progresivo en nuestro país de leyes patriarcales relativas a la familia, la mujer y los hijos, heredadas de la época colonial, disfrazadas de la figura jurídica de patria potestad. En el escrito se presentan las leyes impuestas a nuestros pueblos durante la conquista, el desarrollo de las normas constitucionales y las leyes civiles que contenían, durante su vigencia, la figura jurídica de la patria potestad que negaba de manera perenne los derechos de la mujer y los hijos y como último tema, se evidencia el proceso sistémico de la erradicación del concepto de patria potestad hasta lograr la restitución de los derechos de la familia, la mujer y los hijos, a partir del triunfo de la Revolución Popular Sandinista. La metodología utilizada es de tipo cualitativa y un tipo de estudio documental, teórico, jurídico y analítico. En conclusión, este ensayo revela que desde que Nicaragua emerge como Estado libre, soberano e independiente en 1838, hasta el triunfo de la Revolución Popular Sandinista, regían en Nicaragua normas constitucionales y leyes civiles patriarcales con alta influencia colonial europea y que la patria potestad fue la figura jurídica impuesta para este fin.
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
El nuevo uso terapéutico de un compuesto farmacéutico y las patentes de invención
El ensayo tiene por objeto la reflexión sobre lo que es - y lo que no es- un simple descubrimiento a la luz de la Ley número 354, “Ley de Patentes de Invención, Modelo de Utilidad y Diseños Industriales de Nicaragua”, que establece dentro de la materia que no constituye invención a los simples descubrimientos. De lo que se infiere y habrá de demostrar de que no todos los descubrimientos son simples y, por lo tanto, algunos descubrimientos pueden ser valorados como una invención y con ello ser protegidos por el Estado a través del derecho de patente de invención. En consecuencia, con el objetivo de resaltar, de manera interpretativa y explicativa, aquellos elementos que distinguen un descubrimiento que no es simple de otro que lo es, las fases de la reflexión han suscitado las siguientes cavilaciones: acerca de las palabras y sus distintas acepciones; del método literal para la interpretación de la ley; ejemplos y comparaciones de los conceptos jurídicos. En consecuencia, de ello la principal conclusión radica en que es la Ley, como parte del desarrollo del Derecho, que innova y contiene de manera explícita o implícita, las definiciones de los conceptos con los cuales debe interpretarse. Asimismo, el adagio que reza que donde la ley es clara no necesita interpretación, plantea la interrogante sobre si ¿realmente es clara la ley, o necesita interpretación? Ya que solamente a través de la reflexión e investigación es que se puede llegar al conocimiento acertado y pleno de las cosas.
Los museos comunitarios en Nicaragua: una perspectiva desde la Nueva Museología
Los museos comunitarios en Nicaragua han sido la respuesta a las necesidades y deseos de las comunidades que han decidido levantar sus propios espacios culturales. En este sentido, en este artículo se analizaron las propuestas de un movimiento del pasado siglo, que consideró, y concibió una seria de acciones y estrategias, para revalorizar el museo como un actor social y cómo esta renovación museística dio las pautas para la conformación de diversos museos comunitarios en Nicaragua, pero que a lo largo de las últimas décadas estos espacios adaptaron y transformaron sus visiones museísticas producto de nuevas estrategias políticas y culturales, donde el Estado, comunidad y ciencia jugaron un papel determinante en sus conformaciones. Además, se analizaron tres casos de estudio de museos comunitarios y como ellos a través de estas nuevas coyunturas adaptaron y transformaron su visión de museos de la comunidad y para la comunidad a museos municipales para la comunidad.
Políticas públicas para una educación superior sustentable en México
La educación superior es un campo de profundos disensos, no solo académicos, sino particularmente ideológicos. La posibilidad de incursionar en una nueva reforma educativa, mandatada por el Estado mexicano, traerá consigo profundos debates, resistencias, adhesiones y contrapropuestas. Si bien todavía no se cuenta con la claridad necesaria en torno a lo que debe ser la Nueva Escuela Mexicana (NEM) dentro del nivel básico y medio superior, es necesario someter a escrutinio sus fundamentos, proyecciones y contrasentidos, antes de que sea permeada hacia el nivel superior. Desde esta perspectiva en el presente artículo se desarrolla un análisis reflexivo que abre el camino para pensar a la Educación Ambiental como el sustrato adecuado para configurar un proyecto ético-político y eco-pedagógico encaminado a lograr la tan deseada sustentabilidad social y cultural. Para ello se proponen nuevos referentes teóricos, abordajes epistémicos y rutas posibles de operación curricular, bajo enfoques sistémicos e interdisciplinarios.
Copyright (c) 2025 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, UNAN-Managua http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Luchas campesinas por la emancipación, elemento importante en la cronología del siglo XX en Centroamérica
Los campesinos son un grupo social diverso que reivindican sus derechos, incluyendo la tierra, y empleo digno, y de vivir en paz y con bienestar. A pesar de que existen teorías tradicionalistas que sugieren una desaparición del campesinado como clase social, la lucha y resistencia campesina ha alcanzado muchos logros, dentro de los cuales se encuentra la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Campesinos y de Otras Personas que Trabajan en las Zonas Rurales, aprobada mediante la Resolución del Consejo de Derechos Humanos el 28 de septiembre de 2018 y adoptado por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas el 17 de diciembre del mismo año. Por lo que el ensayo explora algunos de los debates teóricos sobre los campesinos, y posteriormente presenta de manera cronológica algunas experiencias del movimiento y lucha campesina centroamericana en el siglo XX, con principal enfoque en la historia de Nicaragua. Es importante sistematizar las luchas campesinas, para entender sus aportes históricos a la sociedad centroamericana y su labor como clase insustituible en la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria, la lucha contra la pobreza, la independencia económica, la resiliencia frente al cambio climático, y la defensa de la soberanía nacional.
Tradiciones gastronómicas: identidad y cultura en la comunidad San José de Masatepe, departamento Masaya
El presente artículo científico investiga la relación entre las tradiciones gastronómicas de productos derivados del maíz y la identidad cultural en la comunidad San José de Masatepe, municipio del departamento de Masaya, Nicaragua. El objetivo principal es documentar y valorar esta tradición gastronómica, que enfrentan riesgos de desaparición debido a la globalización. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa etnográfica, incluyendo entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participativa, para recolectar datos sobre las prácticas culinarias y la transmisión de conocimientos entre generaciones. Los resultados revelan que el maíz no solo es fundamental para la alimentación diaria, sino que también actúa como un pilar que fortalece la participación comunitaria. A pesar de la influencia de técnicas modernas, las recetas tradicionales se mantienen intactas, lo que refleja la importancia de estas prácticas en la identidad de la comunidad. Las mujeres adultas desempeñan un papel crucial en la transmisión de estas tradiciones a las nuevas generaciones, asegurando así la continuidad cultural. En conclusión, esta investigación destaca la necesidad de preservar las tradiciones gastronómicas del maíz, enfatizando su relevancia en la identidad cultural y la cohesión social de San José de Masatepe.
Carta de Raphaela Herrera y Sotomayor al presidente de Guatemala, don Matías de Gálvez
Fechada el 16 de marzo de 1780, la carta es una pequeña descripción del “glorioso hecho, público y notorio” que llevo a cabo Rafaela Herrera al servicio de la corona española aquel 29 de julio de 1762 en el castillo de la Inmaculada Concepción en el río San Juan. Sus acciones heroicas, descritas en la misiva, le valieron una pensión vitalicia concedida por el rey de España, Carlos III, a través de la real cédula del 11 de noviembre de 1781.
Anelí Villa Avendaño, Memorias de esperanza. Las luchas de las mujeres en la guerra civil de Guatemala
Doctora en Estudios Latinoamericanos e investigadora del Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe (CIALC), de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Anelí Villa Avendaño ofrece en este texto un loable esfuerzo por repensar y replantearse la historia de las luchas revolucionarias del pueblo guatemalteco, enfatizando la participación diversa y múltiples de las mujeres, luchadoras, activistas y combatientes, durante el período que va desde inicios de los años sesenta a finales de los noventa del siglo XX, que la historiografía centroamericana denomina “el conflicto armado” o “la guerra de los 36 años”. Para ello releyó y analizó diversos testimonios de ex guerrilleras, investigó en fuentes primaras albergadas en archivos institucionales y personales, y entrevistó a más a casi una veintena de protagonistas de esos años de lucha, entre ellas a dieciséis mujeres que participaron en el movimiento revolucionario en distintos niveles e instancias de lucha (frentes guerrilleros, redes de apoyo, sindicalistas, estudiantes y otros), provenientes de diferentes orígenes: clase alta, urbana, rural, mujeres mestizas, indígenas, clase media, sectores populares empobrecidos
Comentario de libros y textos audiovisuales
Documental La Familia: ¿Un lugar seguro o de inminente peligro? Retrato de las familias nicaragüenses durante el periodo neoliberal
El corto documental La Familia: ¿Un lugar seguro o de inminente peligro?, fue elaborado durante el primer semestre del año 2024 como parte del Proyecto Integrador VII, con el propósito de aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos en los componentes curriculares de Planificación de Eventos, Preproducción, Producción y Posproducción de productos comunicacionales, Branding y Posicionamiento de marca, y Publicidad Digital. Para este trabajo se tomó como referencia la Cartilla Familias Unidas para la Paz y la Vida promovido por el Gobierno de Reconciliación y Unidad Nacional (GRUN).
Avances y retos de la educación superior pública y gratuita en Nicaragua (Breve recorrido histórico)
This essay examines the evolution of Nicaragua’s higher education system within the Latin American context, with a particular emphasis on the public and tuition-free nature of this crucial educational subsystem. To address these matters, it is essential to talk about the Sandinista Popular Revolution in its first stage, when the Institutions of Higher Education (IHE) ceased to be an exclusive object of the wealthy social sector, giving participation to all the social sectors of the country. Similarly, the period of neoliberal governments and their state policies, which aimed to dismantle the public and inclusive university system, cannot be overlooked. These policies denied the system its legally entitled budgetary resources, promoted private universities, and ultimately undermined the principle of free and accessible higher education for the popular sectors. Another aspect we reflect upon is the transformation that has occurred in university education over the past two decades. The methodology employed is qualitative, relying on bibliographic and documentary analysis. Consequently, the sources consulted include reports and documents pertaining to the new regulatory, legal, and administrative framework governing higher education institutions (HEIs), as well as contributions from the National Council for Evaluation and Accreditation (CNEA). The analysis proceeds in several stages: first, a comparative examination of the Nicaraguan education system in relation to other countries in the region is conducted; second, a historical overview of the achievements in higher education during the Sandinista Popular Revolution (1979–1990) is presented; third, an analysis of neoliberal educational policies is undertaken; and, finally, an assessment of the scope of recent reforms is provided.
National Council for Evaluation and Accreditation
Integration of technological strategies to Support the Educational Process in the Communication for Development Program at UNAN-Managua
This research examines the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education, specifically within the Communication for Development program at UNAN-Managua, focusing on first-year students. The study evaluates the effectiveness of technological tools, particularly the Moodle platform, in supporting the teaching and learning process. Key objectives include assessing how ICT implementation and the methodological strategies employed by teachers influence learning quality and enhance teachers’ digital competencies. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research evaluates the natural progression of events and includes an extensive literature review to support key concepts and perspectives from various scholars. The findings emphasize that integrating ICT across the Communication for Development curriculum and embedding it into all courses is vital for fostering an innovative educational environment. Continuous teacher training is essential to overcome resistance to platforms like Moodle and to ensure adaptable, effective teaching. Training programs should be simple and accessible to encourage broader acceptance.
Communication for development, digital skills
information and communication technological tools
Labor Reality of Communication Graduates and the Competencies Demanded by the Job Market
The primary aim of this article is to explore the challenges communicators face in the labor market and to assess how Higher Education Institutions are addressing the competencies demanded by industry. The study employed a documentary review methodology, facilitating dialogue, reflection, and the discussion of ideas and concepts extensively debated by scholars. The article concludes that it is essential for graduates to adapt to evolving labor market needs, invest in ongoing, specialized training, and ensure the alignment and updating of academic curricula.
Copyright (c) 2025 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Description of Competencies: Skills and Personality Traits of Public Servants in a Centralized Institution
This article presents the first part of a study on the competencies of public servants within a centralized institution, based on a graduate thesis. The aim is to describe public servants’ competencies in relation to their personality traits and aptitudes, using Alles’ model and the theoretical and psychometric frameworks of Allport and Manzione. The research follows a post-positivist paradigm, employing a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and nonexperimental approach. The study uses fieldwork methods and psychometric techniques, including surveys. The sample was selected using a representative, random, homogeneous, and convenience-based method. Key findings reveal that a significant percentage of public servants are familiar with legal instruments, regulations, and institutional plans. They exhibit strong competencies in verbal comprehension, reasoning, spatial and numerical skills, and scientific intellectual efficiency. Participants are sociable, emotionally stable, and exhibit a range of traits, such as being helpful, introverted, flexible, shy, confident yet occasionally distrustful, and sometimes conservative or radical. Overall, these traits were relevant to the study’s population.
Prejudicial labor conciliation, a comparison between Mexico and Nicaragua
This study examines pre-trial labor conciliation through a comparative analysis of Mexico and Nicaragua, focusing on the legal treatment of this conflict resolution method in both countries. It provides an overview of the conciliation process and presents a statistical analysis of the results from Mexico (2015–2022) and Nicaragua (2015–2021), based on the most recent data available. The research methodology is documentary, drawing on primary sources for theoretical information and secondary sources for numerical data. The study aims to underscore the importance of conciliation as a flexible and efficient means of access to justice. The findings reveal that conciliation in both Mexico and Nicaragua has played a pivotal role in resolving conflicts without the need for judicial intervention. In both countries, conciliation holds constitutional status, and pre-trial conciliation is a mandatory prerequisite before pursuing judicial channels, with exceptions outlined in the relevant regulations.
Indigenous, Outspoken, and Talkative: The Identity Struggle of Lenca Women Against Extractivism in Honduras
This study explores the expansion of capitalist extractivism into indigenous territories in Honduras, particularly its impact on the Lenca communities of Rio Blanco, where the Agua Zarca Hydroelectric Project threatened to privatize the Gualcarque River. In response, the Lenca people, organized through the Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras (COPINH), launched a territorial resistance movement that gained public attention on April 1, 2013. The article reflects on the identity struggles of indigenous Lenca women involved in defending their “territory-body-land” during the months-long resistance beneath the oak tree. By highlighting the voices of these women, the study reveals how they define themselves as defenders of their culture, spirituality, body, language, river, and territorial rights. Additionally, the paper examines how these women’s identities are shaped by the colonial structures that support the fractured Honduran nation-state, rooted in extractive capitalism that endangers the lives of indigenous peoples in the country.
The thresholds of faith. Religion, risk and memory in the face of the drainage explosions in 1992 in Guadalajara, Jalisco
On April 22, 1992, several explosions occurred along 12 kilometers of drainage in the Reforma Sector of Guadalajara, Jalisco. The damage count was 210 dead, 1,480 injured, 1,250 homes and 450 businesses affected. This research offers a thorough examination of the history surrounding this event, providing an analysis that reconstructs the decisions and risks which led to its occurrence more than three decades ago. It explains how the narrative surrounding the catastrophe was shaped through a collective religious discourse, woven together by society to make sense of the tragedy.
Pedagogical experiences and participatory methodologies in social and socio-environmental planning: practical application in Social Sciences
This study, conducted at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua in Managua, explores the need for Social Sciences educators equipped to address challenges such as economic inequality and vulnerability to various threats. During the second semester of 2022, fourth-year students participated in a pedagogical experience centered on social and socio-environmental planning, employing participatory methodologies and critical analysis. Using qualitative research methods, the study examined students experiences, emphasizing the importance of meaningful learning and the integration of practical skills with theoretical knowledge. The findings underscore the value of a studentcentered pedagogical approach, institutional support, and ongoing teacher development. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity for adaptive educational management that fosters sustainable development and social cohesion.
Reconstruction and virtual restoration of pre-Hispanic ceramics. Didactic source of archaeological dissemination
This article explores the application of 3D design techniques to archaeological heritage, with a focus on ceramic artifacts recovered from archaeological sites. Its goal is to demonstrate the potential of heritage virtualization methods in enhancing the dissemination and understanding of archaeological ceramics. The study employs digital tools such as photogrammetry software and 3D design programs, alongside vector design applications, to create infographics and reconstruct entire vessels from a single fragment. Additionally, the article discusses the role of digital restoration in reconstructing missing portions of artifacts, emphasizing its significance for heritage outreach and advancing research. The findings highlight the growing role of information and communication technologies in archaeological science, particularly in the virtualization of heritage, which allows for the visual reconstruction of historical objects while maintaining scientific accuracy.
Analysis of the Risks Faced by the Inhabitants of the El Brasil Community in Tipitapa: Second Semester 2023 - First Semester 2024
This article examines the recurrent flood risks faced by the El Brasil community in Tipitapa, Nicaragua, caused by the Malacatoya River’s overflow during the rainy season. The absence of prior research on risk and vulnerability in rural Tipitapa underscores the need to better understand and address these issues. The community grapples with threats such as contaminated water consumption, which has led to a notable rise in diseases like chronic kidney disease and skin cancer. Furthermore, frequent flooding has exacerbated the spread of waterborne illnesses. In response, the community has organized efforts to manage these risks, demonstrating its collective initiative to improve living conditions and reduce vulnerability. This study underscores the importance of risk management in vulnerable communities and proposes measures such as resilient infrastructure, early warning systems, and community education to enhance resilience against future challenges.
Virtualization of the Curricular Component Information Systems and Knowledge Search, in the Information Management Program at UNAN-Managua in the Second Semester of 2022
The main objective of this research is the virtualization of the curricular component Information Systems and Knowledge Search through the Moodle virtual environment, aimed at strengthening the teaching and learning process for first-year students in the second semester of 2022, in the Information Management program at UNAN-Managua. To achieve this, the technological infrastructure conditions under which the curricular component is taught in the History Department were identified. The approach of this research is qualitative, with quantitative implications. Interviews and surveys were used for data collection. As part of the results, a high level of acceptance was observed among the authorities of the History Department, faculty, and students regarding the implementation of the virtual modality for this curricular component. As part of the learning strategies, tools offered by Web 2.0 were incorporated, such as: Mindmeister (Mind Maps), Linoit, Padlet, Mindomo (murals), Canvas, Genially, PicktoChart (infographics, presentations), and Google Docs.
Cultural Agenda and Symbolic Public Space in Nicaragua: The Newspaper Flecha (1943-1945)
The purpose of this article is to identify the features that shaped Nicaragua’s cultural agenda during the 1940s, using the newspaper Flecha (1940-1958), published in the city of Managua, as the primary source and object of study. The cultural theme is justified for the following reasons: it was a recently established newspaper, the cultural and political profile set by its director and founder, Hernán Robleto, and the respectful, constructive treatment given to the informational content. To achieve this approach, a representative sample from the decade was selected, consisting of three years (1943-1945) and three different months. For data collection and processing, an instrument was designed to record the information according to eight chosen cultural themes and the journalistic genres most frequently used for their dissemination. This review work, as a study exercise from a historical perspective of a media outlet, allowed for the identification of some thematic continuities that remain on the agenda today, such as education, recognizing its role in development, and the socialization of discursive practices that promote constructive dialogue for the well-being of society at the time. In politics, the newspaper was not unaware of the central issues surrounding the regime of Anastasio Somoza García. However, the backdrop of World War II during this period made the 1944 crisis a subject handled with caution in the newspaper, although it was not exempt from censorship.
Knowledge about Sexuality in Students of Social and Legal Sciences at UNAN-Managua during 2023
Sexual and reproductive health is of great importance and is defined as a process linked to human development, beginning at birth and continuing throughout life. The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of students from the Faculty of Social and Legal Sciences at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua) regarding fundamental concepts of sexuality. The methodology highlights that it is a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study with a quantitative, retrospective approach. The population consisted of 4,417 active students from the first to the fifth year. The sample was made up of 300 students, selected for convenience. Among the main results, it was observed that out of the 300 students surveyed, the level of knowledge about sexuality was 54% (poor), 13% (average), 10% (good), 8% (very good), and only 15% (45 students) had excellent knowledge on the topic. The findings generally indicated a low level of knowledge about sexuality among the participants, despite the fact that most reported having received sexual education at home and in educational institutions.
Precautionary Measures in the Claim of Care and Parenting in Family Law (Procedures for Their Application)
This research aims to analyze the precautionary measures applied in the claim for the care and upbringing of children. To this end, doctrinal positions and the national legal framework regulating these measures were studied. Additionally, the procedural treatment of these measures under Nicaragua’s family law is described. The study was conducted from a documentary, descriptive, cross-sectional, and explanatory research perspective due to its depth. Therefore, through reasoned analysis, the following conclusions were reached: The legal regulation of precautionary measures in family procedural law clearly establishes the guidelines and foundations for the protection of children and adolescents, as well as the principles and procedures for their application. The study emphasizes the importance of proportionality, necessity, and suitability of the measure, as well as the principle that precautionary measures may be requested by one of the parties or ordered ex officio when the court deems it necessary to uphold the best interests of the child or adolescent within a legal process. These principles aim to ensure a balance between the protection of rights and justice in the legal process. Precautionary measures can be applied both preventively and to correct situations that may arise during the process.
Theorization on Certain Legal Statements with the Cartesian Plane and Their Practical Effects
This study explores the relationship between legal claims and mathematical resources, aiming to identify novel approaches that enhance the understanding of the intersection between Law and Mathematics. The research focuses on how these insights can be applied to improve the development of new studies that offer practical solutions. Employing an analytical, documentary, synthetic, and interpretive methodology, the study adopts a qualitative approach with a deep explanatory focus. This methodology is validated through the examination of patent claims, particularly in relation to the numbering system outlined in the Patent Law of Invention, Utility Models, and Industrial Designs of Nicaragua. The research highlights the importance of correctly classifying claims based on dependency, specifically deeming claims with multiple dependencies as unacceptable. A point graph on the Cartesian plane is used to propose an initial solution for software development to address the non-approval of multiple-dependent claims. Furthermore, the application of zero for independent claims provides a rapid method for determining the number of inventions within a claim, offering a new interpretive reading that moves beyond literal text.
multiple dependency of multiple dependency
Analysis of administrative conciliation to resolve disputes regarding family in the municipality of Managua
The study was developed in order to legally analyze administrative conciliation in the area of Family Law, for the municipality of Managua. This investigation has a qualitative approach and is also legal-sociological in nature, since the interaction of social and legal factors is studied. Likewise, according to its level of depth, it is descriptive, due to the use of information collection techniques used such as the interview with a Conciliator from the Ministry of Family, Adolescence and Children; the focus group applied to litigation lawyers who are experts in Family Law; Surveys carried out on users of family administrative conciliation and documentary analysis of Nicaraguan legislation, specifically Law 870, Family Code, are a cross-sectional study, because the problem under study was carried out in a specific period of time. In the data analysis, it was possible to verify that administrative conciliation in family matters in most situations reaches partial agreements, with the success of family administrative conciliation being mainly dependent on communication, understanding and the ability to reach an agreement. by those involved, which has a direct consequence on the possibility of strengthening interpersonal relationships in the search for family reconciliation. This work provides a basis for future research and policies aimed at strengthening the family conciliation system in Nicaragua
The substance: analysis of symbolic violence and false erotic capital
Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la República Popular de China y la República de Nicaragua
El 31 de agosto de 2023, el gobierno de la República de Nicaragua y el Gobierno de la República Popular de China, dieron un paso significativo e histórico en la construcción y consolidación de sus relaciones de cooperación, hermandad, intercambio comercial y complementariedad en las estrategias de desarrollo de los pueblos, a través de la suscripción de un Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC). Para llegar a este momento histórico, ambos países dieron lugar a un proceso previo, empezando por el restablecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas el 9 de diciembre de 2021; acción que reafirma el compromiso y reconocimiento del gobierno de Nicaragua hacia la existencia de una sola China. Posteriormente, se procedió al inicio de negociaciones para un “Acuerdo de Cosecha Temprana del Tratado de Libre Comercio”, suscrito el 12 de julio de 2022, y que entraría en vigor el 1 de mayo de 2023. Este acuerdo es entendido como el instrumento previo para la formulación de las reglas de origen que definirían y darían paso a la materialización del documento final del tratado.
Copyright (c) 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Diagnostic Study of Teachers’ Attitudes and Beliefs About Writing Scientific Papers.
El presente estudio se centra en diagnosticar las actitudes y creencias que influyen en la toma de decisiones durante el proceso de redacción científica por parte de los profesores de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-Managua (UNAN-Managua). Mediante un cuestionario sobre actitudes y creencias hacia la labor investigativa, se indagan las causas subyacentes de la baja tasa de publicaciones académicas. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que los docentes poseen una sólida formación para llevar a cabo actividades de redacción científica. No obstante, la resistencia a explorar nuevas perspectivas (o, evitar salir de la zona de confort) y la errónea percepción de sentirse inexpertos parecen afectar negativamente el proceso de redacción científica. Este estudio proporciona un marco fundacional para el diseño e implementación de futuros programas remediales destinados a abordar estos desafíos.
Unidad Didáctica Integradora para generar aprendizaje significativo en Ciencias Sociales en Educación Secundaria de Nicaragua
En este ensayo se presentan los resultados de la aplicación de Unidad Didáctica Integradora para generar aprendizaje significativo en el estudiantado de noveno grado del Instituto Fernando Salazar Martínez, departamento de León, Municipio de Nagarote, durante el I Semestre del 2021. El propósito del diseño de esta herramienta de planificación consiste en generar aprendizaje significativo mediante la aplicación de esta herramienta en las disciplinas de Geografía, Lengua y Literatura, Aprender Emprender y Prosperar y Creciendo en Valores. Para ello se plantearon objetivos específicos como identificar los conocimientos previos de los estudiantes a través de una prueba diagnóstica integradora, aplicar una unidad didáctica integradora para generar aprendizaje significativo y determinar la incidencia de la aplicación de este instrumento en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de noveno grado. En la investigación se aplicaron entrevistas a docentes, análisis de las macro unidades pedagógicas, socialización con docentes de diferentes disciplinas y prueba diagnóstica a estudiantes, lo que permitió el diseño de la propuesta. Al aplicar la proposición curricular integradora con objetivos en común, se logró que los docentes trabajaran de manera conjunta, lo que permitió alcanzar aprendizajes significativos en los estudiantes cuando interiorizaron sobre quiénes alteran o provocan cambios en nuestro relieve y cómo estos son aprovechados por los seres humanos. Los estudiantes también adquirieron conciencia que ciertos recursos naturales se agotan y aprendieron la dinámica de las fuerzas internas de la tierra y cómo esta influye en estos recursos con el paso del tiempo.
Metodología para implementar el aprendizaje basado en problemas en el modelo por competencias
Este trabajo busca compartir las experiencias que como docente se ha tenido en el aula de clases a partir de la implementación de la metodología del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), de acuerdo al nuevo currículo por competencias implementado por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua). Dicha metodología permite que los estudiantes identifiquen las causas del problema y las posibles consecuencias en caso de no resolverlo. En el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, el docente se convierte en un facilitador y los estudiantes construyen su propio conocimiento, debido a que no se les facilita ningún contenido en los componentes curriculares del semestre, sino que ellos identifican sus conocimientos previos y buscan los nuevos para resolver el problema planteado, proponiendo la manera para conseguirlo. Por su parte, el docente guía la manera de identificar esos conocimientos y cómo obtenerlos. En este sentido, el docente debe supervisar y retroalimentar a los estudiantes en su propuesta de solución, la que puede ser un diseño, una simulación, un escrito, un plan de mejora, entre otros y una vez comprobado que el problema es resuelto, los discentes defienden la solución propuesta.
La Geoarqueología: Un enfoque interdisciplinar para el estudio de las sociedades prehispánicas y coloniales de Nicaragua
Las investigaciones geoarqueológicas involucran la ejecución de trabajos multidisciplinarios, donde los objetivos, modelos teóricos, estrategias metodológicas y análisis de resultados construyen conjuntamente desde la arqueología y disciplinas a fines un corpus de datos que ayudan a la interpretación de un problema concerniente a la vida en el pasado. Sin embargo, los geocientíficos y arqueólogos, a través de estos estudios, muestran una lectura diferente de los restos materiales, que vienen a ampliar la gama de temáticas, análisis e interpretaciones, que hasta el momento los métodos y técnicas tradicionales no han logrado precisar. En Nicaragua han sido pocos los estudios con este tipo de enfoque, por la implicación de costos y por no contar con especialistas en este campo. A continuación, se presenta una propuesta de interpretación y análisis de la aplicación de estos métodos en la arqueología nacional.
Voces en torno a la educación en valores: un compromiso compartido familia-escuela (aportes a la construcción de espacios para la convivencia)
La convivencia humana como propósito directamente vinculado con el derecho a ser reconocido desde la reciprocidad, supone en la actualidad, uno de los desafíos de las agendas globales en materia de formación cívica y ciudadana. Esta investigación, como resultado de una revisión documental integra las voces de diversos teóricos sobre la educación en valores, como el proceso vinculado con la construcción de espacios para la coexistencia digna en la que cada individuo alcance el desempeño pleno de su cosmovisión en tanto sus prácticas de vida no vulneren la integridad del “otro”. Esto refiere al compromiso de modular actitudes y el proceder tanto individual como colectivo hasta lograr la convicción en torno a la adopción activa de valores universales como la libertad, el respeto por la autonomía, la diversidad sociocultural y la expresión del pluralismo sin limitación alguna, pero también, el accionar responsable enfocado en estrechar lazos de confianza, tolerancia y comprensión empática que aporten a reducir las brechas de distanciamiento; en un intento por consolidar la coexistencia fundada no solo en el reconocimiento de las heteronomías sino en la construcción del trato paritario en cuento a la condición de ciudadanos, en lo referente a oportunidades y al trato dignificante. Se concluye que, la educación en valores se encuentra atravesada y entretejida por principios universales que procuran recuperar el tejido social, instando al individuo a adoptar el respeto activo que dé lugar a la cohabitación tolerante que apuntale la cohesión plena y funcional en la diversidad.
La influencia oriental en el imaginario de Rubén Darío
Este trabajo analiza la influencia oriental en la obra de Rubén Darío, mostrando cómo integró elementos del pensamiento y la cultura de China, Japón e India en su poesía. Desde sus primeros escritos, Darío demostró una habilidad excepcional para absorber diversas influencias culturales. Con Azul, su interés por Oriente se refleja en la representación detallada de artefactos y filosofías orientales. Aunque, inicialmente, influenciado por las corrientes parnasianas y simbolistas europeas, Darío evolucionó hacia una apreciación más profunda y auténtica del Lejano Oriente. Además, se argumenta que las teorías de Edward Said sobre la representación estereotipada del Oriente en las estéticas europeas no son aplicables a la obra de Darío, quien muestra una admiración genuina y un esfuerzo por comprender la espiritualidad y la estética orientales. Al integrar elementos estéticos, filosóficos y espirituales del Oriente, el poeta nicaragüense no solo enriqueció su propia obra, sino que también contribuyó a una nueva visión de la literatura latinoamericana.
Preservación del valor patrimonial: Un archivo histórico para la Contraloría General de la República
Este estudio analiza la importancia de crear un Archivo Histórico en la Contraloría General de la República de Nicaragua. Destaca su valor histórico, educativo y su contribución al desarrollo humano a largo plazo. También examina el marco legal y los estándares internacionales relacionados con archivos históricos. Proporciona pasos clave para establecer el archivo y enfatiza su relevancia en la preservación de la memoria institucional, la rendición de cuentas, el apoyo a la investigación y la educación, así como la promoción de la transparencia.
Murmullos rulfianos: ¿el rumiar de la mente o soliloquios de advertencia?
El propósito de este escrito es compartir una reflexión acerca del papel y sentido que tienen los murmullos en la obra de Pedro Páramo y en parte del imaginario colectivo de México. Asimismo, se reflexionará sobre el papel que tiene el diálogo con uno mismo (dianoia) y los ejercicios de interiorización en momentos cruciales de nuestra existencia, y la manera en que se podría distinguir dicho soliloquio con un murmullo rulfiano.
En Nicaragua, la narrativa tiene voz femenina: De cuentos está lleno el aire, una propuesta colectiva novedosa
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Bosquejo histórico de las revoluciones de Centroamérica de Alejandro Marure
Copyright (c) 2023 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, UNAN-Managua http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Theoretical Exploration and Reflections on Educational Practice in Higher Education Institutions
This essay seeks to reflect on those positions that describe the concern of many teachers to achieve in their students what is known as significant learning. However, often during the teaching-learning process, the mechanistic and stagnant legacy of the traditional role between student and teacher prevails, although in most Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) this perspective is denied. In this academic framework, teaching practice is considered the main factor in academic training at all levels. This paper puts into perspective the importance of this activity as a fundamental part of the teaching work, explaining and reasoning the various theories around the reflection that must be carried out as part of the daily life of this work.
Approach to the evolution in knowledge management in the digital era: A reflection on the future of librarianship in Nicaragua
The main objective of this work is to engage with various authors and the academic community regarding the impact of new technologies on knowledge management and the threats these pose to the academic sphere, considering the recent explosion of artificial intelligences. It is widely recognized that technology has displaced hundreds of workers from their jobs worldwide; hence, this essay aims to problematize the future of librarians, both internationally and in Nicaragua. The findings of this reflection indicate that, in our country’s context, the role of information managers has been strengthening as Information and Communication Technologies progress. Moreover, our universities have a clear policy advocating for the continuous training and updating of human resources in this field, enhancing this professional profile through undergraduate and postgraduate education programs. One of the significant strengths in knowledge management within our universities, particularly at UNAN-Managua, has been the adoption of the concept of the hybrid library, bridging the analog and digital realms. This approach has facilitated the creation of an integrated institutional management information system enabling effective information handling through digital platforms such as websites, institutional repositories, subscribed databases, electronic newsletters, and specialized search engines. In this regard, it is evident that our institution’s authorities have responded with great certainty to these challenges.
Pedagogical Models and Didactic Trends in Higher Education
This paper discusses the pedagogical models and didactic trends in higher education. The paper highlights that pedagogical models are a theoretical construct that has a scientific and technical basis, which serves as a frame of reference to interpret, develop and adapt pedagogical realities in response to specific historical needs. Among these pedagogical models are behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. Each of them conceives learning differently, so, for example, behaviorism conceives of learning as the result of constant behavioral change. Cognitivism, on the other hand, considers learning to be a process that is achieved through an interaction between the learner and the environment. Constructivism emphasizes the student’s contribution to meaning and learning through individual and social activity. The essay concludes by emphasizing that the analysis of didactic trends in higher education must start from the identity and situation of higher education institutions, since it is necessary to reflect on the pedagogical problems of higher education and the profile of the university teacher that is required to facilitate learning.
The environmental agenda: the role of the media in Nicaragua
The purpose of this paper is to know the media agenda of Nicaraguan television newscasts. For this purpose, it was decided to take as a reference the following newscasts: Crónica TN8 of Canal 8, TV Noticias of Canal 2 and Noticiero Acción 10 of Canal 10. The objective was to reflect on the role played by the television media in environmental coverage. In addition to identify if the informative contents are focused on environmental education, and, finally, to analyze the need for specialized training in environmental journalism, which allows the communicator to address these issues with a more critical and reflective vision oriented to the care of our common home, the Planet Earth. For the development of this paper, a documentary review was carried out, covering the phases of search and compilation of information up to its analysis and interpretation. The sources consulted were scientific articles published in electronic repositories, as well as the monitoring of news programs, considering variables such as: title of the news, content, type of coverage and verification of the same in audiovisual and written format, through the websites of the television media. This was carried out in the first quarter of 2023. The main conclusions point out that there is little interest of the media in promoting among their audiences a culture oriented to conserve and preserve the environment; which could be attributed to three important aspects such as: the lack of knowledge that journalists have on the subject, a second aspect is that this type of content is not considered attractive and therefore does not generate ratings and finally it is not lucrative in terms of sales for the media. It is important to mention that there is a gap in the writing of news content, limited only to the coverage of the event, without providing any informative and preventive value. The lack of educational production, could lead to a false understanding in their audiences that everything is fine, when in fact this articulated work between institutions, private companies and the State is needed.
International judicial cooperation in family matters: transfer of claims and taking of evidence abroad
This paper describes the importance of international judicial cooperation to guarantee legal protection and the right to defense in family actions. This type of collaboration transcends the limits of the national territory, which is fundamental in safeguarding the rights of children and adolescents, thanks to the international conventions on private law that have been ratified by Nicaragua. Actions such as service abroad of judicial and extrajudicial documents, or everything that has to do with obtaining evidence outside the country, protected under civil law in family matters, are now instruments that benefit those affected. The study concludes that these agreements contribute to safeguarding procedural guarantees in family legal matters involving obligated subjects outside the national territory.
Kathya Guadalupe Jiménez Jarquín Jiménez Jarquín
Nicaragua Is Also Punk: The Sandinista Revolution as the Inspiration for This Musical Movement in the 80s
This paper deals with musical production in England, the United States and Spain during the 1980s and 1990s, which refer to the events that occurred in Nicaragua after the victory of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in 1979. It seeks to highlight the idea that some musical groups of the Punk and Hardcore genre had in those three countries, and the interpretation they made of the Nicaraguan revolution, which will allow us to understand little-studied aspects of the imaginary of these groups, in relation to the events in the Central American country. To this end, an approach will be made to the names of these groups and an analysis of the lyrics of the songs whose interpretation must be subject to the context in which they emerged.
Areas susceptible to mass removal in the municipality of Tenango del Valle (Mexico 2023)
This article presents the results of the areas susceptible to mass removal in the municipality of Tenango del Valle during the year 2023, located in the state of Mexico, belonging to the metropolitan area of the Toluca Valley. This research is the result of a virtual academic exchange within the framework of the Delfin ¡ project. The objective of the study was to contribute to early disaster response and land use planning plans for on-site decisionmaking. The research was descriptive and allowed the adaptation of the methodology Mora and Vahrson (1994). The replication of this methodology made it possible to identify new risk areas in places such as San Bartolomé Atlatlahuca, El Zarcal, San Pedro Tlanixco (east side of the urban area), La Haciendita, Maxtleca de Galeana and Santa María Jajalpa. These are urban areas that are expanding into areas where the orography is very rugged, in addition it was possible to identify at least 50 rural localities settled on the shores of their maximum elevations and that are located in three quarters of their territory, with heights ranging from 3,900 meters above sea level.
Cooperativism in Sandino’s Ideology and Action
This essay examines General Augusto Sandino’s perspective and legacy on cooperativism in Nicaragua during the period 1933-1934. It is based on a review of historical documents and testimonies of Sandinista veterans to understand how the hero of Las Segovias saw cooperativism as a socioeconomic alternative based on solidarity and equity. Inspired by cooperative experiences in Mexico, Sandino promoted the creation of workers’ and peasants’ associations to promote food self-sufficiency and improve their living conditions. His vision transcended the local, aspiring to create a Central American organization and a Universal Commune. However, the project was cut short by the intervention of the United States through the National Guard and Somoza in 1934, when the general of free men and women was assassinated. Although the first cooperative experience did not prosper immediately, it left a legacy that resurfaced with the Sandinista Popular Revolution of 1979, promoting cooperativism and the social economy in Nicaragua, highlighting the importance of cooperation and community for a more just and equitable society.