Revista Torreón Universitario es la revista académica de publicaciones científicas del Centro Universitario de Carazo (CUR Carazo), que pertenece a la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua. (UNAN-Managua).
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua. Centro Universitario Regional de Carazo
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Metrological characterization of a NaI(Tl) well counter for activity estimation prior to in vitro 131I dosimetry measurements for Nuclear Medicine patients in Nicaragua, period 2022-2023.
This research arose as a need to guarantee the quality of health to the Nicaraguan population according to the Plan to combat poverty and human development for 2022-2026. This research was focused on the dosimetry of nuclear medicine patients nationwide treated with 131I. The objective was to metrologically characterize a NaI(Tl) well counter to measure the activity in the patient’s blood to estimate doses in bone marrow or other organs. An iodine sample that was measured in a HPGe counter was used as a standard to achieve traceability to international standards. The study was cross-sectional in nature and focused on finding the correlation between the input stimulus (gamma radiation) and the output response of the well counter, measured in count rate kCPS (CPS, Counts per Second). Additionally, the response to the geometry of the sample, its energy and concentration was studied. The sensitivity obtained was 36.67% of the standard value measured in kBq. This result implies that, using the test method of this research, for each iodine sample subjected to counting (kCPS), when divided by the sensitivity, the activity value in kBq is obtained, with an estimated (combined) uncertainty of less than 10% of the measured activity value. This is based on the fact that for calibration, the uncertainty of the standard is 5%, which is metrologically acceptable for traceability. In summary, the findings indicate that the well counter used in this research has the necessary accuracy for its use in determining activities for dose calculations in bone marrow or other organs of interest through free access software.
Copyright (c) 2025 National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Managua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Birds at the Rubén Darío University Campus of the Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Managua (UNAN-Managua).
Urban development and population growth generate changes in the natural environment, highlighting the importance of universities as ideal locations for studying biodiversity. However, little is known about the flora and fauna of the Ruben Dario University Campus of the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Managua. This study represents one of the pioneering efforts to learn about the avifaunal diversity on campus and addressing existing knowledge gaps regarding biodiversity in the municipality. This research has a mixed cross-sectional approach, employing intensive searches of individuals across three predetermined sites. We identified 98 species, of which 66.10% are resident birds, 29.34% are migratory birds and 4.56% have mixed populations (between resident and migratory). Notably, this study also records the first documented occurrences of P. holochlorus rubritorquis, Dryocopus lineatus, and Setophaga virens within the municipality of Managua. It was identified that 26.5% birds reported are identified facing varying degrees of threat. In conclusion, our findings underscore the importance of campus green spaces in supporting both resident and migratory bird populations, highlighting their potential as wildlife refuges, particularly when considering the broader surrounding environment.
Didactic strategy Illustrations as a contribution to the understanding of the topic value chains in the industrial engineering major of the UNAN-FAREM-Carazo
A study was conducted at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Carazo, to evaluate illustrations as a didactic strategy for reading comprehension of written documents provided by teachers during classes given at the UNAN-Managua, FAREM-Carazo, this is a descriptive, transversal, The information was contrasted with the main theories on reading comprehension and didactic strategies, to make a correct triangulation of the information collected, revealing that there is no general procedure or methodology used by teachers in its application. Likewise, during the execution of the subject "value chains" in the first year of the industrial engineering course in 2018, an opinion test and an evaluation rubric were applied to the students, which allowed an analysis of the different data collected, making use of frequency quantification utilizing bar graphs. When analyzing the importance of the illustrations strategy in the value chain topic, it was determined that students have a good level of acceptance of the illustrations in written documents and there is an improvement in their reading comprehension when they are used as a didactic strategy since they allow greater accessibility of the contents, increase the retention capacity of the concepts and there is an improvement in their synthesis capacity.
Education in the field: contextualization of student permanence in the primary and secondary education modality.
Distance education in the countryside is an action strategy implemented by the current government in the basic and middle education subsystems, in which the entire community of the country’s public schools participate to strengthen scientific and practical knowledge that promotes social development in rural communities. In this article, the indicator of permanence of students in the modality of primary and secondary distance education was analyzed taking as a reference the enrollment of the years 2021 and 2022, through a methodical process of scientific character. The rural population in 2019 represented 41.24% in the country. The enrollment of primary distance education in the countryside during 2021 compared to 2022 was 2,662 to 2,344 with a difference of 318 students, the discrepancy reflects a reduction as a positive indicator, due to the fact that students transcend from primary to secondary education in the countryside, which demonstrates the educational commitment of the students, most of the primary enrollment in the countryside is concentrated in the Autonomous Regions of the North and South Caribbean Coast and Jinotega. Secondary enrollment in the countryside has presented a variation from 2021 compared to 2022, going from 60,474 in 2021 to 60,938 in 2022, increasing by 464 students, this figure is due to the continuity of students coming from the primary education modality. Secondary school enrollment in the countryside has presented a variation in 2021 compared to 2022, going from 60,474 in 2021 to 60,938 in 2022, increasing by 464 students, this figure is due to the continuity of students coming from the primary school modality, the enrollment is concentrated mainly in the departments of Matagalpa, the Autonomous Regions of the North and South Caribbean Coast and Jinotega, the permanence indicator shows that the expectations of positive results in education in the countryside have been achieved.
The management of the Language and Literature curriculum from the scope of action of the advisory role in secondary education.
The present study shows the implementation of the application of the SWOT analysis methodology focused on the secondary education advisory field. The objective was to determine the integration of the different levels of action of the Hispanic Language and Literature curriculum in. The educational authorities of District IV of the municipality of Managua authorized the application of the methodology at the Maestro Gabriel school. Now, the management of the curriculum is defined, the relationship of the curriculum with the national plan to combat poverty proposed by the Government of Reconciliation and National Unity (GRUN). Likewise, the definition of the vision and mission promoted by the Ministry of Education (MINED) is presented. Furthermore, the difficulties, strengths, threats and opportunities presented by the educational institution from this area are identified and the participation of the advisor is analyzed with the help of the SWOT analysis method, under the socio-critical paradigm, with a qualitative approach and the methods: inductive, analysis and synthesis. The results of the research are satisfactory because the advisor’s ability to manage the Language and Literature curriculum is enhanced. However, the advisor is overworked. For this, a strategic support plan is proposed with the purpose of contributing to the advisor’s performance through an exchange of knowledge.
Implementation of the curriculum to develop competences in the UNAN-Managua 2023 careers
In a continuous improvement in the implementation of the curriculum to develop competencies in the UNAN-Managua courses, it is pertinent to reflect on the process of curricular transformation which seeks to identify achievements, weaknesses and opportunities for improvement based on experiences, learning and good practices experienced by the key actors responsible for implementing the process. This study is based on a descriptive, retrospective and transversal research that explores the management of the execution of the model to develop competencies at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Managua (UNAN-Managua) from the perspectives of different protagonists: deans, directors at the central level and departments. Based on these reflections, they lead to an action plan that ensures the continuity of the curricular transformation process for the development of competencies with greater quality and relevance that guarantee effective development of the process for the benefit of students, academics, institution and society.
Generic competencies and their effect on the professional training of university students
The purpose of this article is to determine the level of generic competence (technological and creative) and the effect it has on the professional training of university students. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. A questionnaire was used as a technique and a survey of open and closed questions as an instrument. For the application, the Microsoft Forms 365 tool was used and the link was shared with the informants via WhatsApp. The sample consisted of 37 students enrolled in the Elective component Tools for the Creation of Digital Educational Materials (HCMED) at UNAN, Managua. As part of the main findings, it is highlighted that students achieved significant competence in the use of web tools, the creation of digital materials, the ability to be creative in the design of digital resources, the search for digital information in reliable sites and respect for copyright, seen from the professional ethics. However, it is evident that one of the competencies that needs to be strengthened is the contextualization of information reflected in academic and didactic documents. In addition, it is concluded that the generic competencies (technological and creative) are essential in the student’s professional training to obtain learning results in accordance with the professional profile and, therefore, with the needs of society.
Proposal of a didactic strategy for the development of communicative competence based on SWOT analysis.
The research was carried out using the SWOT analysis methodology to observe and analyze the application of the Language and Literature curriculum in Secondary Education at the Maestro Gabriel Institute, located in the department of Managua, Nicaragua. The study was realized in the classroom, where teachers, students and parents participate, and was based on the management of the language and literature curriculum, its relationship with the National Plan to Fight Poverty (PNLCP), communicative competence in Language and Literature and strategies for improving the Language and Literature curriculum. The vision and mission of the Ministry of Education (MINED) was presented and then the data was analyzed according to the SWOT methodology. Subsequently, strategic objectives were presented with their respective strategies and goals for improving the curriculum based on the analysis carried out previously. Finally, a strategic support plan was presented, which contains goals and actions that help improve the teaching-learning process.
Learning styles and comprehension of lyric text in middle school: a study in 9th grade
The identification of the difficulties and learning styles of the students is a relevant topic that should be included in the planning of the educational act, this action will allow the implementation of strategies adequate to the learning needs. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the learning process of the lyrical text of the 9th grade students of the Rafaela Herrera School in the municipality of Masaya. We worked under the interpretative paradigm, the qualitative approach and the phenomenological type of research. The population was students, teachers who attended the process of teaching and learning of language and literature. The sample consisted of 39 students, 3 teachers and the 9th grade curriculum, selected by convenience. For the collection of information, a diagnostic test, an interview guide, the test on learning styles proposed by Kolb and a checklist were applied. The most relevant results focus on the two main actors of the teaching-learning process: the students, who present difficulties in learning lyrical texts, and the identification of their learning style. It is important for teachers to have scientific knowledge of learning styles because it will allow them to implement strategies contextualized to the learning style of their students.
Moodle virtual platform as a support tool in secondary education
In this work, a proposal was made for the implementation of a virtual learning platform as a support tool in secondary education. A non-experimental cross-sectional design with a qualitative approach was applied. The instruments used were interviews containing open-ended questions on the state of technological resources and digital competencies of teachers. An analysis was made to know the current situation of the Colegio Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Bethlemitas and to identify the technical requirements and technological competencies of teachers necessary for the implementation of the Moodle virtual platform. As a result, the school, although it has a computer lab, does not have computer resources for the installation and management of the Moodle platform. In addition, the office automation requirements necessary for the implementation of the Moodle virtual platform, human and technological resources are indicated. From the results obtained, it is concluded that for the implementation of the Moodle virtual platform, the infrastructure of technological equipment and a designated staff for the updating and configuration of the computer service of the virtual platform must be guaranteed. In addition to a designated staff for teacher counseling.
technological competencies in teachers and students
VENN diagrams extended to event complements for solving conditional probability and Bayes' theorem.
All roads lead to Rome, goes an old saying. In the world of mathematics, a given problem has many ways of being solved, some of which can be complex and others very simple and straightforward. It is important to note that the person trying to understand or learn mathematics needs the quickest way of understanding. Venn diagrams have been widely used in the solution of probabilities including the conditional and Bayes’ Theorem. However, we can use this technique to extend the complements of the events that are dealt with in each problem to optimize calculations and thus be able to answer all the probability questions that the problem relates to. Within the technique is to form the interlocking circles indicating the common region for each of the events to be treated and thus their respective complements. As there are 2 events, 4 areas will be formed that have been named as petals, which are equivalent to the difference or sums with the total probability of each event as the case may be.
Prototype of experimental work on the demonstration of Bernoulli's Equation by applying integrals and vectors.
This work consists of the construction of a prototype of experimental work, for the demonstration of Bernoulli’s equation, applying integrals and vectors. The research begins by analyzing the physical, algebraic and integral concepts, in order to strengthen this physical postulate; subsequently, a Venturi meter was built, with the purpose of observing the magnitudes involved in the phenomenon from the experimental point of view by means of a practical laboratory guide, then, the mathematical demonstration of the principle was prepared using the knowledge obtained, allowing to determine a precise formula, which has certain applications in daily life. In addition, an evaluation rubric was designed to assess the scientific, technical and methodological quality of the work performed. On the other hand, the approach of this research is qualitative, since it seeks to provide descriptive data on the main scientific topics contained in this study. The results obtained in this research are of great importance, because they allow the reader to go deeper into the researched topic. And to relate their own knowledge with the ones described here. It should be noted that the conclusions drawn can serve as background for future researchers. In addition, it is possible to take advantage of the demonstrations presented, to be supported physically and mathematically.
Learning strategies applied to developing competence in specialization internship Plan 2016, in the major of Communication for Development at UNAN- Managua.
The present research aims to describe the key learning that strengthens the professional competencies achieved by students who took the last Specialization Internships of Plan 2016. It should be noted that the selected sample is random by convenience, where 15 students of Communication for Development of the third year, morning shift of III years, II Semester 2022 were taken from a total of 42 students enrolled. As for the research design, it is based on the positivist paradigm, according to Ballina (2004) "The positivist paradigm, also called quantitative paradigm, empirical analytical rationalist, is the dominant paradigm... the positivist or naturalist paradigm is characterized by the high interest in the verification of knowledge through predictions" (P. 3). The present research is observational transversal of descriptive type because the students, based on an observational visit to Channel 6, to know the work areas and its facilities, reflected and compared between the learning process achieved from the classroom and its relationship with the media. Regarding the learning from the Specialization Internships and the visit to the field of action such as Channel 6 in the year 2022, 9.75% of the men and 24.39% of the women agreed that camera handling, editing, improvisation, diction, and dynamism should be improved, since writing, interview handling and including cultural, social, historical and political topics were strengthened during the course of the major, participation in the Victory Units and the Communication System. In conclusion, the Specialization Internships strengthened the institutional identity, developing skills and abilities through the different tools, formats, informative genres, and learning for life from the dialogue of knowledge.
This new issue gathers relevant information on research findings presented by academic researchers of different professional profiles, thus fulfilling the commitment to promote and support the dissemination of scientific work that is relevant and pertinent to the socio-educational development of our institution and the educational society as a whole.
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Inclusive education for non-hearing students from the Miguel de Cervantes Institute, Managua
The main objective of this research is to identify the main achievements, challenges and challenges of inclusive education for non-hearing people at the Miguel de Cervantes Institute, Managua. Thus becoming known as one of the pioneers at the municipal level in inclusive education, it is an achievement for the institute to be able to work and participate in the education of the non-hearing population. The research is situated in a mixed approach precisely because it consists of a set of systematic, empirical and critical research processes that involve the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. Interviews were conducted with students, as well as with inclusive education teachers. The unit of analysis of this research is constituted by a non-probabilistic sample, intentionally or by convenience, made up of secondary education students from the Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Institute. Something important that can be emphasized is that these students are immersed in a classroom as an active student and included with their peers and society.
Non-pharmacological diagnostic and therapeutic approach, obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults. Systematic review
The purpose of this article is to synthesize evidence of the non-pharmacological diagnostic and therapeutic approach in adults with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) through a systematic review, including 9 case reports, through MEDLINE, PUBMED, Google Scholar, Scielo, institutional repositories, thesauri: “Obsessive Compulsive Disorder AND Adult NOT Children”. Using inclusion criteria: Scientific articles published between 1990-2023, published in Spanish and English. Results: 9 articles included (nine patients) published in Spanish, eight published in Spain with an average age of 29.6 years, 68% of cases ranging from 20.8 to 38.4 years, five patients in the second decade of life at the time of therapy and three in the third decade. Mean age of onset of symptoms 21.12 years, onset of symptoms related to a stressful life event, female sex the oldest affected. The pattern of intrusive thoughts prevailed. Psychotherapy combined with acceptance and commitment techniques was effective in eliminating psychological rigidity, frequency of once a week with duration between 45 to 60 minutes, an average duration of 23.3 weeks, with a range of 8 weeks to 48 weeks, depending on the severity of their symptoms. Conclusions: intrusive thoughts and female sex are prevalent aspects, it affects young population, psychological therapy is effective, patients show improvement of obsessive compulsive symptoms even reaching subclinical levels, cognitive-behavioral therapy was the best directed by a therapist, with weekly sessions of one hour, face to face, from 8 to 43 weeks duration.
Environmental determinants of health that influence respiratory diseases in childhood in Bocay, Jinotega 2021
Explain the environmental determinants of health that influence respiratory diseases in childhood at the Ayapal Family and Community Health Center of the San José de Bocay municipality, Jinotega I semester 2021. Material and Method: a descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in 52 children under 5 years of age who were admitted for respiratory diseases at the Ayapal Health Center in the first semester of 2021. The admission and discharge sheet established by the Ministry of Health, an information collection instrument was also implemented, which consists of 14 items to obtain socio demographic data, risky environmental conditions, the perception of parents and guardians, and in addition to mentioning morbidities due to respiratory conditions. Results: the average age of the children in the study was 2 years or more; the sex that prevailed most in the children was that of the man, 50% of the children in the study fell ill 1 to 3 times. Regarding the age of parents and guardians, the one that prevailed the most was from 15 to 24 years, of the parents and guardians, 48.1% have an incomplete primary education; where 78.8% have a low economic level and the number of children that parents or guardians have, 42.3% have 4 to 6 children; Regarding the environmental conditions that are risky for health, 75% of those surveyed are not exposed to smoke, 67.3% live in overcrowding, 59.6% are not exposed to cold and humidity, 65.4% of children have a scheme incomplete vaccination. According to the perception of parents and guardians regarding the danger signs in respiratory diseases, 44.2% reported that getting tired was a reason to ask for help, 76.9% said that achieving a good nutritional status prevents respiratory diseases, 73.1% thought that eating fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of respiratory diseases. Regarding morbidities due to respiratory conditions, 92.3% have used another type of treatment apart from that indicated by the health personnel, 57.7% of the children were taken to the health unit for presenting difficulty breathing, of which the 48.1% were treated and diagnosed with pneumonia. Data analysis using SPSS statistical tests determined the following as environmental determinants of health that influence respiratory diseases: origin, schooling, personal hygiene, socioeconomic status, overcrowding, and immunization. Breastfeeding was not found as an environmental determinant of health. Conclusions: Most of the children who became ill due to respiratory disease were older than two years, being mostly male; who got sick 1 to 3 times in the last 6 months; Most of the parents or guardians were between 15 to 24 years of age, female, from the rural area, in terms of their schooling, an incomplete primary school with a low socioeconomic level, who themselves have 4 to 6 children in each family; Regarding risky environmental conditions for respiratory diseases, most recognize that living in overcrowding, but have little knowledge about other risky environmental conditions such as exposure to smoke and exposure to cold and humidity; In addition, poor personal hygiene, poor home hygiene, and incomplete immunization were observed. Of the parents or guardians interviewed did not consider when a child turns purple as a sign of danger, however, they know when to take the child to the health unit, they are not very clear regarding the prevention of respiratory diseases. Parents identified the symptoms of respiratory diseases to go with their children to the health unit, including difficulty breathing; children who were managed mostly as pneumonia; themselves to whom their treatment and management were indicated.
Meckel's diverticulum in Nicaraguan adults. Report of two cases and review of the literature
Introduction: The cases described discuss the prevalence of this clinical entity simulating an acute surgical abdomen in adult men and compares the approach to symptomatic and asymptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum. Methods: This case report was reported using the international guidelines that guide the aspects of writing and publishing a surgical case report, mentioned in the SCARE guide (Surgical CAse REport, 2020). Case presentation: Male patients aged 31 (case 1) and 19 years (case 2) respectively, who attended the unit with acute surgical abdomen in whom Meckel’s diverticulum was diagnosed incidentally (case 1) concomitant with acute and symptomatic appendicitis. (Case 2) complicated by inflammation, a location was observed on the antimesenteric side of the ileum, approximately 80 cm from the ileocecal valve, with a length that ranged from 2 (case 1) to 10 mm (case 2). Diverticulectomy was performed, using the wedge reception technique with primary anastomosis (case 1) and intestinal reception with approximately a 5cm margin of the diverticulum with end-to-end anastomosis in two planes (case 2), the approach was successful in both patients. Conclusion: The diagnosis of complicated Meckel’s diverticulum in adults is difficult because the clinical characteristics in patients with complications are non-specific and are not clinically distinguishable from appendicitis. Exploratory laparotomy seems to be an ideal surgical approach in cases of acute surgical abdomen. with uncertain diagnosis.
Double integrals in the calculation of fluid flow density in a vector field
The objective of this article is to analyze the applications of double integrals in the calculation of fluid flow density in a vector field. The qualitative approach was applied, likewise, the documentary design was used because it is a descriptive study, in which basic concepts of integrals, vector fields, fluids, volume of solids, volumetric flow, properties and types of educational evaluations that are part of the backbone of this work are analyzed. Data collection was through the observation of videos on the YouTube platform, interviews with university teachers, textbooks and journal articles related to the topic of double integrals, vector fields and fluids. Likewise, for the analysis of the information it was necessary the triangulation of theories, taking into account the different points of view of the researchers regarding the topic in order to reach a conclusion and give a solution to the two unpublished problems posed through the analysis of different physical and mathematical variables, which are related to the interdisciplinary nature of integral calculus, vector calculus and fluid mechanics. For the analysis of the results it was necessary to solve two problems in order to put into practice everything analyzed and described in the theoretical reference and thus fulfill the objectives of the work.
Role of pedagogical mediation in the process of learning Spanish as a foreign language
Pedagogical mediation as a strategy for learning a foreign language is an option that favors both the learner and the teacher so that effective acquisition is carried out. Hence, this article presents a brief analysis of pedagogical mediation based on theoretical-practical elements related to the teaching-learning process. The objective was to analyze the perception of the main actors of the teaching-learning act on the importance of pedagogical mediation to achieve the scope of competencies and meet the interests of the learners. The research was carried out using a qualitative approach and a larger unit of analysis was identified: pedagogical mediation as a teaching-learning strategy. In the same way, minor units: pedagogical mediation from a vision focused on know-how and pedagogical mediation focused on school performance and pedagogical experiences within an education centered on being. For the analysis of the data, a double-entry matrix was developed. Also, triangulation of the information was applied, considering the objectives, research questions, and units of analysis. This article presents a description of elements of some conceptual positions that teachers and principals have on the concept of pedagogical mediation and its implication in the learning process. It also explains how the actors in charge of carrying out teaching consider which school actions and experiences learning can be carried out and their relationship with the interests of the learners.
The similarity of majors at UNAN-Managua in the area of knowledge health: nursing case
The curricular harmonization of careers belonging to the same area of knowledge is a process in which aspects that make them similar are taken into consideration, in this specific case, fields of action; Study plan, professional profile, and objectives/competencies. In other words, to harmonize career curricula within an institution of higher education, the authorities should decisively assume the purpose of having majors that respond to the demands of the country and that the resulting major plan responds to the institutional plans and the PNLCP-DH 2022-2026. Hence, the purpose of this article is to describe the process of harmonization of nursing majors at UNAN, Managua. The research work was carried out using the qualitative approach. This methodological option allowed the use of instruments and techniques that allowed to have a significant impact about research studies, which in this case were the curricular designs of the careers selected for this study, according to the area of knowledge. Among the main results, the same subjects stand out from the first to the third year, and it is only in the fourth and fifth years that they differ from subjects, and these are minimal in the disciplinary area. Meanwhile, the similarity or equality in these majors lies in the fact that all nurses (from first to third year), consider the mastery of nursing procedures to improve the skills of their graduates since the restoration of physical health is promoted.
Lessons in innovation and entrepreneurship from China
Digital transformation has become a key driver for economic and social development worldwide, and Nicaragua is no exception. This document aims to discuss how Nicaragua can move towards a prosperous digital future, learning from China's experience and adapting its strategies to the local context. China, as a global leader in technology and digitalization, has seen exponential growth in its digital economy, driven by favorable government policies, investment in technological infrastructure, and a vibrant startup ecosystem. China's focus on creating an enabling environment for innovation, which includes public-private sector collaboration as well as fostering digital skills education, offers valuable lessons for Nicaragua. Through the adoption of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and e-commerce. In addition, the development of training programs and the promotion of an entrepreneurial spirit are critical to cultivating local talents in digital technology. By learning from successful Chinese strategies, Nicaragua can build a more robust digital future, one that not only drives economic growth but also contributes to social inclusion and sustainable development. This article highlights the experience of a delegation of Nicaraguan technology specialists, who visited China to learn about the strategic vision and collaborative approach necessary to achieve an effective digital transformation in that country.
Social sciences, Business education and Law
Complex perspectives in education: Beyond dichotomies
The purpose of this academic essay is to reflect on the need to transcend the dualities that modern rationalization imposes on us. In education, this is obvious, because it limits the realities of education, which go beyond models and methods, which are inadequate. However, these have something good, therefore, it is necessary to look at a new educational epistemology that allows observing in a trans complex way the educational realities of cultures and their intentions. An archaeoepistemology that can observe reproductions, continuities, and ruptures in time and space, as well as what societies and people want, overcomes the impostures of centers of power. Therefore, it is important to decolonize knowledge and streamline models that in most cases include the past and present, but also focus on the future.
Chronic kidney disease associated with heat stress: a literatura review
The purpose of this scientific literature review document is to demonstrate the incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease in field workers caused by thermal stress. The Prisma methodology was applied to documents published in databases such as Google academic, Scielo, Bireme, Lilacs in which publications were found that address the topic of thermal stress in the labor sector; The publications consulted were from 2018 to 2023. It is necessary to emphasize that chronic kidney disease has increased in work sectors with exposure to high temperatures and that it mainly occurs in the countryside and production areas. (Ruiz Herrera, 2020). Global warming is causing an increase in exposure to high temperatures in confined environments, internal environments in production areas and also in open environments, which is why it directly affects the health of workers. (ILO, 2023). As a result of the review, 15 articles on occupational safety and heat stress were included. Among the conclusions of this review, it was found that the workers studied are characterized by being exposed to high temperatures without wearing clothing appropriate to the work environment or that protects them from exposure to ultraviolet rays and therefore experience an increase in body heat, added to This means they have long working hours, do not take breaks and do not ingest adequate fluids recommended by an occupational doctor or the person in charge of occupational hygiene and safety; The incidence of kidney disease associated with heat stress was 41.9% in males with an age of presentation of 46 years, in stage II, with work-related heat stress as the main risk factor.
Dynamics of production, unemployment, and inflation in Nicaragua, period 2012 – 2022 and prospects 2026
Achieving human development and fighting poverty is the challenge posed in Nicaragua in the period 2022-2026, contemplated in 12 strategic lines: 1) Macroeconomic stability, 2) Reinforce the basic conditions of development; 3) Development of human talents; 4) Public goods and services, for social welfare 5) Deepen equality between genders 6) Youth central axis of development; 7) Improve production in the field; 8) Develop creative economy, 9) Revitalize trade and local and international markets; 10) Inclusive cities, neighborhoods and counties; 11) Measures to mitigate climate change; 12) The Caribbean Coast special zone of human and socioeconomic development. As axes of the purpose, three indicators are analyzed: GDP Gross Domestic Product, Inflation and Unemployment Rate, using time series of the period 2012 - 2022. It is objective to recognize that, during this period, the country was affected by different crises, including world order, which overlapped; such as the one caused in 2018, the health crisis that affected the country since 2020 and the crisis due to the new world order, consecutively and that seriously affected aspects such as the supply chain, the capacities of health systems to deal with the pandemic and international inflation, to mention a few facts; These situations came and caused serious price rises and shortages. However, the country shows a resilient economic behavior; Studying its indicators will allow decisions to continue the fight for economic development.
Economic and environmental valuation of the contribution of organic matter to the soil, through the calculation of available nitrogen, on the Santa Elisa farm, municipality of Jinotepe, with projection in the Golden Triangle of the department of Carazo
To achieve the viability and sustainability of agriculture, it is necessary to adequately manage natural resources (soil, forest, water), which allow the economic growth of the rural sector of the country (FAO: 2015). This document presents an economic and environmental assessment of the contribution of available or usable nitrogen from the Organic Matter (OM) of the soil, on the Santa Elisa farm, Jinotepe municipality, with a projection of assessment in the Golden Triangle, department of Carazo. The methods of valuation of environmental goods and services of the soil cover a variety of approaches that seek to quantify the economic value of the services that soils provide to society; in this research are related to: - Cost-Benefit Assessment, - Cost-Effectiveness Assessment, - Integrated Ecosystem Assessment and - Multicriteria Approaches. The assessment is based on the results of the soil analysis carried out on the Santa Elisa farm, where it was calculated by means of the percentage of organic matter present in the soil of 12.98% (UNA - LABSA soil analysis, 2022), the amount of nitrogen available, usable in the production system, which represents cost savings for the producer due to nitrogen fertilization, equivalent to 14.89 qq of commercial urea per ha, a benefit of C$ 19,350.00 per ha.
Financing as a factor of success or failure for SMEs in Mexico
SMEs are essential for the Mexican economy, being the main providers of formal employment and large contributors to the country´s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, the high mortality rates within the first years of existence reflect the difficulties faced by new entrepreneurs to survive in the market, the lack of financing is a constant, due to different factors directly or indirectly linked to the enterprise, such as its short time on the market, the owner´s credit history or the owner´s educational background. This article aims to reflect through the analysis of the different variables that influence access to financing for Mexican SMEs, making it a determining factor for success or failure in its first years of existence.
Characterization of occupational accidents in workers of a manufacturing company in León, Nicaragua, year 2022-2023
The objective of this article is to characterize occupational accidents in workers of a manufacturing company in the city of León, Nicaragua, year 2022-2023. A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was applied. The study area was plant 4 of this company, the sample was made up of 94 workers. From the results we obtained, it is found that 27 workers are in the age range of 28 to 32 years, the most affected workers were the operators with 83 cases (88.3%), the seniority in the job was from 4 to 6 years with 38 cases (40.4%), the time of occurrence of the accidents was during the first shift (morning shift) with 62 cases (65.96%), The risk factors that most frequently occurred for the occurrence of accidents were unsafe acts with 54 cases (57.4%), most accidents were commuting with 76 cases (80.85%), according to the severity of the accident, the affectations were of a mild type with subsidy in 53 cases (56.4%) and according to the nature of the injury there were 76 cases (80.9%) diagnosed as contusions.
Efficacy of educational intervention in healthy lifestyles in patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, who attend the health post, Buena Vista municipality of La Conquista, Carazo, Nicaragua, in January - February 2023
High blood pressure and diabetes mellitus are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, causing around half of all deaths from stroke and heart disease, being one of the most frequent public health problems. In Nicaragua, “The first cause (of medical care) continues to be hypertension” Approximately 222 thousand people indicated and verified the visit of our health personnel, as the first cause of attention or need to be treated by health services; The second is diabetes mellitus. To evaluate the effectiveness of the educational intervention on healthy lifestyles in patients with high blood pressure and Diabetes who attend the Buena Vista health post in the municipality of La Conquista, Carazo, Nicaragua, in the period January-February 2023. A longitudinal mixed-type study was carried out with 65 diabetic and hypertensive patients. We took into account the inclusion criteria and made a sample of 52 patients. According to the sociodemographic characteristics, it was found that the largest number of patients diagnosed with high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus are adults over 56 years of age, from rural origin, with an incomplete primary education level, with the most predominant sex being women. with 63%. The poor practice of healthy lifestyles is what leads to suffering from high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus, due to unhealthy habits contributing to complications, we must take into account the importance of chronic disease prevention programs for through (MOSAFC) with emphasis on health promotion and prevention.
GelRed dye for staining nucleic acids in agarose gel was used in the molecular biology laboratory
Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is a fluorescent dye widely used for staining nucleic acids in agarose and polyacrylamide gels. However, EtBr has several drawbacks, such as its high toxicity and mutagenic capacity, which restricts its use and management. In this study, the use of GelRed®, an alternative dye developed by Biotium, which offers greater sensitivity, safety and stability than EtBr, was evaluated. The performance of both dyes was compared for the staining of DNA amplified by PCR, using the protocols of BCR-ABL, JACK2, ESBL, carbapenemases IMP, VIM, SPM, GIM, NDM, KPC, OXA, mcr-1/mcr-2 and mecca. The results indicated that GelRed® can be used to visualize DNA with a fluorescence intensity equal to or greater than that of EtBr, without the need to modify the extraction, amplification and electrophoresis protocols. Furthermore, GelRed® did not interfere with restriction enzymes and PCR, and does not exhibit mutagenic or cytotoxic effects. It is concluded that GelRed® is a safe and sensitive option compared to EtBr for staining nucleic acids in agarose gels.
The STEAM Methodology and PBL in the Integration of Knowledge and Development of Mathematics Competencies
The development of mathematical competencies in high school students is currently a challenge. To overcome it, teachers implement various methodologies and strategies aimed at making the knowledge of this discipline more accessible. In this regard, the present research analyzes the effectiveness of the STEAM methodology (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) and Project-Based Learning (PBL) in the development of mathematical competencies in eleventh-grade high school students. The main objective was to evaluate how the STEAM and PBL methodologies promote mathematics learning and the development of skills such as critical thinking, creativity, and teamwork. The research followed a non-experimental design, with a mixed-methods approach, mostly quantitative, at a descriptive, cross-sectional level. A survey was conducted with a sample of 17 eleventh-grade students from the Santa Teresa National Institute, along with interviews with two Physics and Mathematics teachers. This was carried out during the second semester of 2023. The results reveal that students positively value the integration of disciplines and the practical application of mathematics, showing significant improvements in their understanding of mathematical concepts. Additionally, collaboration in STEAM and PBL projects strengthened teamwork skills, although a need for greater variety in practical projects was identified.
UNAN-MANAGUA PERSPECTIVES IN THE FIELD OF UNIVERSITY COOPERATION: ANALYSIS OF AGREEMENTS 2020-2022
The research on the perspectives of UNAN-Managua in the field of university cooperation of exploratory-descriptive character, based on the analysis of agreements, is achieved through the documentary review of cooperation agreements signed and renewed during the period 2020-2022, being the sample 108 cooperation agreements. The article describes the characteristics of the agreements signed by UNAN-Managua and provides an overview of the work of the last three years of the five-year period; it also seeks to identify the main key processes of inter-institutional cooperation during the corresponding period. Thus visualizing the process with greater use; it also aims to identify the challenges in relation to the behavior of the use of agreements for the achievement of the goals of the five-year period, the latter is in the process of study. The document shows the main results corresponding to the signing and renewal of agreements, highlighting Africa and Europe as the main areas of collaboration. On the other hand, it is possible to see the contribution of the Framework and Specific agreements in the key processes of UNAN Managua, obtaining greater results in the area of training through participation in conferences, seminars, workshops, academic exchange, publications, academic mobility and development of joint training, research and extension projects. It is vital for the university to carry out this reflection because it allows rethinking strategies aimed at taking advantage of the agreements, and it is also allows analyzing the integration of internationalization as a strategic bridge in the achievement of compliance according to the key institutional processes.
Análisis del aprendizaje cooperativo como estrategia didáctica: impacto y efectividad en el desempeño estudiantil
El presente artículo se centra en analizar el impacto y la efectividad del Aprendizaje Cooperativo como estrategia didáctica en el desempeño estudiantil en la asignatura de Seminario de Formación Integral. Para este estudio se utilizó un enfoque mixto de la investigación, según su temporalidad del estudio es de corte transversal y tuvo un alcance del nivel descriptivo, el estudio se aplicó a una muestra de 49 estudiantes y 3 docentes. Mediante la aplicación de diversos instrumentos de recolección de datos, como encuestas, entrevistas, grupo focal y observaciones en clase, se buscó identificar las prácticas docentes, las ventajas del aprendizaje cooperativo y el rol de los actores involucrados en su aplicación. Los resultados de esta investigación no solo contribuyen a enriquecer la comprensión sobre esta estrategia en el contexto universitario, sino que también permite orientar la implementación de estrategias didácticas más efectivas y colaborativas en el proceso educativo, fortaleciendo así la calidad de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en el Centro. La investigación proporcionó a los docentes las conceptualizaciones, ventajas, los diferentes roles tanto del estudiantes cómo del docente al aplicar la estrategia aprendizaje cooperativo, propiciando espacios de reflexión sobre las prácticas docentes así como también la capacidad de distinguir el aprendizaje cooperativo con el trabajo en grupo, sobre todo para potencializar el aprendizaje entre iguales o aprendizajes entre colegas, los resultados revelaron la necesidad de capacitar a los docentes en la implementación de esta estrategia y destacaron las ventajas del aprendizaje cooperativo en la mejora del rendimiento académico y las habilidades sociales de los estudiantes.
Aprendizaje basado en proyecto para el desarrollo de competencias profesionales en los estudiantes
El Aprendizaje Basado en Proyecto para el desarrollo de competencias profesionales en los estudiantes resulta de gran importancia para que estos se apropien de un aprendizaje significativo para la vida, convirtiéndose en un fuerte componente para el alcance de competencias por parte de los estudiantes, por consiguiente, este estudio genera resultados positivos que favorecen a los docentes y estudiantes. En este sentido el objetivo principal de la investigación fue determinar la efectividad de Aprendizaje Basado en Proyecto para el desarrollo de competencias en los estudiantes. Por lo que se aplicó un cuestionario utilizando la escala de Likert como instrumento de investigación para la recolección de información que fue contestado por profesores y estudiantes, el tipo de muestra utilizada en esta investigación fue una muestra intencionada por conveniencia no probabilística, cabe señalar que para la recolección de datos se hizo uso del formulario Google Drive, con el que se creó la base datos, lo que permitió organizar las gráficas estadísticas de barras en base a los resultados, también se utilizó Microsoft Word 2013 y formato PDF para la entrega del trabajo de investigación. Mediante la revisión de otros estudios relacionados al ABP se encontró que esta estrategia didáctica origina el desarrollo de las competencias en los estudiantes, por lo que el ABP confiere fortaleza a los profesores y estudiantes para alcance de competencias. En este sentido la aplicación de ABP es de gran importancia para el desarrollo de competencias en los estudiantes, en los diferentes niveles de la educación.
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Aprendizaje significativo orientado a la intervención de las prácticas de formación profesional: estrategias de mejora a través de la formación
El aprendizaje significativo en las prácticas de formación profesional, implica evaluar con base a lo que se hace (aprender-haciendo). Además, favorece un cambio en el comportamiento, desempeño, habilidades y competencias in situ en las empresas e instituciones. Por lo tanto, es importante identificar y utilizar estrategias de enseñanzas-aprendizaje adecuadas para alcanzar el desarrollo de las competencias y la construcción de los nuevos conocimientos que contribuya al crecimiento personal y profesionales de los estudiantes de las carreras de Administración de Empresas y Mercadotecnia. Para lograr esto, es fundamental contar con un plan de intervención que fortalezca el aprendizaje durante la realización de sus prácticas. La metodología empleada en esta investigación combina un enfoque cuantitativo con técnicas cualitativas. Se define como un enfoque mixto, específicamente de tipo descriptivo. Esto se fundamenta en la forma en que los estudiantes adquieren experiencias de aprendizaje significativo durante sus prácticas en los centros de producción y servicios. Los resultados de la investigación evidencian la necesidad de la intervención de todos los actores (practicantes, docentes tutor y tutor empresarial), tanto en la planificación, organización y ejecución de las prácticas, como en la provisión de seguimiento de tutorías y asesorías por parte de los responsables y tutores inmediatos. Como producto de la investigación, se propone actividades de intervención que fortalezca todo este proceso, el cual es indispensable en el desarrollo de las prácticas de formación profesional.
Prácticas de formación profesional: estado de la cuestión
Las Prácticas profesionales son de gran relevancia gracias a los beneficios que otorgan en la formación profesional de los estudiantes, por ende, se han convertido en centro de interés en la Educación Superior. Partiendo de esta idea se realiza el estado de la cuestión para conocer como se ha abordado la temática, hasta donde se ha abordado, quienes han investigado al respecto, en que contextos, cómo se ha trabajado y cuáles son los principales hallazgos
Evaluar 11 genotipos de fríjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) biofortificados adaptados al cambio climático, Santa Teresa, Carazo, primera 2023
El cambio climático es uno de los desafíos más urgentes que enfrenta la humanidad en la actualidad. Sus efectos tienen un impacto significativo en la agricultura y la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional. El frijol es un cultivo ampliamente consumido y de vital importancia para la nutrición de la población en todo el mundo; sin embargo, este es sensible a las condiciones climáticas variables. Las altas temperaturas, las sequías prolongadas y las inundaciones pueden afectar negativamente su rendimiento y calidad; por lo que es fundamental desarrollar estrategias de adaptación agrícola que permitan enfrentar estos desafíos y garantizar la producción sostenible de alimentos. Los ensayos con frijoles permiten evaluar la respuesta de este cultivo a diferentes condiciones climáticas y probar medidas de adaptación específicas, ayudando a comprender mejor los mecanismos fisiológicos y genéticos que subyacen a su adaptación. Esta información es crucial para el desarrollo de nuevas variedades de frijol mejoradas, con el fin de implementarlas en prácticas agrícolas más resilientes. Este artículo refiere la temática basada en resultados de la evaluación de 11 genotipos de frijol, adaptados al cambio climático, en el municipio de Santa Teresa, departamento de Carazo en época de primera/ 2023.
Facebook como plataforma digital en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en carreras tecnológicas. Estudio de caso en FAREM-Carazo, UNAN-Managua en el periodo de marzo a julio del 2017
Con el objetivo de evaluar el uso del Facebook como herramienta en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las carreras tecnológicas, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y analítico; se analizaron las características sociodemográficas, ventajas del Facebook y estrategias didácticas, con el fin de analizar las bondades del Facebook para integrarse como herramienta de apoyo en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los análisis estadísticos efectuados fueron: descriptivos, pruebas de hipótesis, tales como: independencia no Paramétrica Chi cuadrado de Pearson, el Análisis de Varianza Univariado (ANOVA de Fisher) y Contrastes Ortogonales. Del análisis y discusión de los resultados obtenidos, se alcanzaron las siguientes conclusiones: la procedencia de estos dicentes la mayor parte es de zona urbana con un 72.29%; Entre las ventajas del Facebook: hay un mayor predominio de estudiante que aseguran que se conectan desde sus hogares con un 54.4%, obteniendo una conectividad muy frecuentemente con un 36,14%; La prueba de análisis de varianza demostró una respuesta estadística significativa (p = 0.0305) entre el acceso a Facebook y Prom_InvApli, evidenciando que la frecuencia que el estudiante accede a Facebook tiene efecto sobre el rendimiento de clase de investigación aplicada de la carrera de ingeniería en computación; La prueba de independencia de Chi cuadrado de Pearson demostró una respuesta estadística significativa (p = 0.0131), entre el acceso a Facebook y Prom_FormyEvalProy, evidenciando la dependencia de la frecuencia con que accede el estudiante a Facebook y las notas de la asignatura de formulación y evaluación de proyectos de la carrera de ingeniería industrial.
Criterios de consistencia de las líneas de investigación, en las tesis de grado de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua, Centro Universitario Regional-Carazo, 2022-2024
A continuación, se presenta una reflexión documental relacionada a las tesis de grado del Centro Universitario Regional de Carazo de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, en cuanto a los criterios de consistencia de las líneas de investigación que se encuentran en el repositorio institucional, como parte de una investigación de tesis doctoral que lleva por título “Modelo de gestión de las líneas de investigación para el monitoreo, seguimiento y control de criterios de consistencia, en las tesis de grado de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua/Centro Universitario Regional de Carazo, año 2025”. De esta tesis se retoma uno de sus objetivos específicos para desarrollar el presente artículo.
Análisis de factores asociados al rendimiento académico de estudiantes de ciencias de la computación, CUR-Carazo
En el presente escrito se aborda el análisis de factores comúnmente asociados al rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios, tomando como referencia los resultados de una investigación científica en la que se consideró una cohorte de estudio de la carrera Ciencias de la Computación del Centro Universitario Regional de Carazo, perteneciente a la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua. La investigación se realizó mediante la aplicación del Enfoque Filosófico Mixto de Investigación. Según el diseño metodológico definido, el estudio fue observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, longitudinal y analítico. Como parte de los resultados obtenidos, los factores identificados con mayor incidencia en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes fueron: el contexto socio-económico de los hogares; la motivación y deseo de superación profesional vinculado al apoyo de las familias; los hábitos de estudio de los estudiantes expresados en sus horas y frecuencias de estudio; las metodologías, formas de evaluación y uso de materiales didácticos tradicionalistas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje; la eficiencia en la gestión académica institucional-estudiantil en primeros años de estudio.
Rol del profesorado para responder a las necesidades de la universidad actual
En el presente artículo se hace una reflexión desde una perspectiva analítica e interpretativa de la autora, sobre las necesidades del profesor universitario, en términos de competencias en el nuevo contexto de la cibersociedad y la sociedad del conocimiento según las nuevas demandas de la universidad. Se aborda la evolución de la profesión docente y las nuevas necesidades surgidas a partir del cambio de contexto externo e interno. Se hace una revisión bibliográfica sobre las nuevas exigencias, rol y funciones del profesorado, y la influencia de los diferentes modelos educativos asumidos a lo largo de su evolución. Se identifican las características que deben tener los docentes llegando a la conclusión que ya no es suficiente dominar un área específica del conocimiento, ni el solo hecho de poseer títulos de especialidades, maestrías y doctorados para lograr ser un docente de calidad. La realidad a la cual se enfrentan los profesores en la actualidad demanda de ellos un rol integrador entre la amplia variedad de alumnos que se les puede presentar, en el que el docente es un agente educador y socializador, asumiendo incluso responsabilidades fuera de sus clases, resultando evidente que ya no basta poseer competencias de orden escolar, sino que la sociedad demanda también competencias relacionales y emocionales.
Eficiencia del consumo de agua en el beneficio húmedo cafetalero la HAMMONIA & CIA. LTDA, localizada en el departamento de Jinotega, en el año 2023
Todo proceso, en los beneficios húmedos necesita del recurso hídrico, para poder procesar el café después de ser cortado, pero este recurso hídrico es hoy en día muy valioso, tanto así que a nivel mundial forma parte de los 15 retos más importante de la humanidad en el siglo presente y busca como optimizarlo. La presente investigación tiene por objeto dar a conocer y sea tomada como ejemplo a seguir, el mejoramiento de la eficiencia de consumo de agua que puede tener un beneficio húmedo. Este estudio es con alcance descriptivo y es una investigación aplicada, con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño longitudinal y representado en grafico dinámico, que define el comportamiento de consumo de agua por periodo de cosecha del café, cuyos resultados revelaron un mejoramiento de la eficiencia del uso del agua en un 35.87%, lo cual indica disminuir de 90 L de agua a 57.71 L de agua por quintal de café de procesado en el beneficiado húmedo.
Dimensión axiológica en el desarrollo del currículo de psicología y desempeño en las prácticas de formación profesional
Este artículo, es producto de la investigación realizada con el propósito de analizar los procesos de planificación, desarrollo y evaluación del currículo de la carrera de Psicología en su dimensión axiológica a través del desempeño del estudiantado en las prácticas de formación profesional. Las Prácticas de Formación Profesional radican en la puesta en acción de los aprendizajes obtenidos en el aula de clase y que posteriormente se utiliza para ejecutar las acciones ante las demandas de la sociedad, se centra en dos aspectos esenciales, el primero, está referido al cúmulo de conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas que ha adquirido a lo largo del tiempo de su formación y el segundo, está compuesta de la actuación que tiene en el desarrollo de ese conjunto de conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas. El enfoque es Mixto predominantemente cualitativo, se aplicó entrevista diagnóstica, entrevista abierta a profundidad, técnica de observación, encuesta (de tipo derivativa) para analizar la puesta en práctica de valores en su desempeño. Los resultados de los instrumentos demostraron confusión entre los valores y formas de procedimiento durante la atención Psicológica entre ellos: Comunicación asertiva, Solución de problemas, Sigilo profesional, Compromiso, Neutralidad y objetividad. A partir de los resultados se diseñó propuesta integral para el fortalecimiento de la dimensión axiológica y se ejecutó prueba piloto.
Estado de arte: Competencias investigativas del profesorado de las instituciones de educación superior y su relación con el modelo de investigación de la UNAN, Managua
El presente artículo se trata sobre el estudio de las competencias investigativas docentes universitarios relacionándolo con el modelo de investigación de la UNAN-Managua, el estudio es de carácter descriptivo y documental, permitió el análisis de los tipos de posicionamientos teóricos sobre la competencia investigativa del docente universitario. Se revisaron diferentes bases de datos como Dialnet, Google Académico, Latindex, Redalyc, repositorio Centroamericano, CNU y de la UNAN Managua, la muestra fue de 20 artículos científicos que permitieron establecer en primer lugar las competencias docentes de los profesores universitarios y por otro lado las competencias investigativas que debe poseer el docente universitario, y los fundamentos normativos de la investigación de la UNAN-Managua en segundo lugar hay una limitada presencia de referentes teóricos que permitan fundamentar una sistematización teórica y una línea base a seguir sobre las competencias investigativas. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que las competencias investigativas se tratan desde diferentes perspectivas y enfoques, y están organizadas desde el punto de vista de competencias generales ya sean estas organizativos, colaborativas, comunicacionales por un lado o partir de la misma lógica del proceso de planeación, desarrollo, y evaluación de la investigación.
Los comerciantes informales de Nicaragua todavía tienen cajonería de oro, medias de seda, sombrero de castor... , “…y los príncipes venden tinajas en los mercados…”, Ernesto Cardenal
Este estudio tiene como objetivo revelar las contradicciones histórico-sociales del comercio informal en Nicaragua, desde la perspectiva de la tradición literaria nicaragüense, de la que da cuenta El Güegüence. En lo metodológico, corresponde a una investigación cualitativa y se utilizó el método inductivo, se hizo un análisis y comparación de la información documental con los resultados encontrados en el trabajo de campo, lo que develó que los desplazados o marginados siguen encontrando en el comercio informal una válvula de escape para sobrevivir, cuestión que refuerza la presencia del mito mercurial encarnado en el Güegüence, en contraste con el papel histórico de la administración pública interesada únicamente en la recaudación de impuesto. Finalmente, se recomienda para futuras investigaciones contar con que la realidad es contradictoria y generadora de contradicciones.
Percepción curricular del nuevo Modelo de Educación Inicial para el Desarrollo Infantil (MEIDI) por parte de asesores y maestras en la ciudad de Jinotepe, Carazo, durante el I semestre del año 2022
Este estudio evaluó la pertinencia curricular del Modelo de Educación Inicial para el Desarrollo Infantil (MEIDI) implementado en Jinotepe, Carazo, durante el primer semestre de 2022. Utilizando un enfoque cualitativo y fenomenológico, se realizaron observaciones y entrevistas a maestras, educadoras comunitarias y asesoras pedagógicas. Los resultados revelaron que, aunque el MEIDI ha mejorado la estructura de la planificación diaria y el programa educativo, existen desafíos significativos en su implementación. Entre estos desafíos se destacan la rigidez del programa y la insuficiente capacitación de las educadoras, lo que afecta su capacidad para adaptar el currículo a las necesidades locales y a las realidades del entorno educativo. Las conclusiones sugieren la necesidad de aumentar los esfuerzos en formación continua y de ajustar el currículo para mejorar su flexibilidad y pertinencia.
Competencias de la generación Google, en el perfil del profesional que se forma en carreras tecnológicas de la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Carazo, en el periodo de febrero a julio del 2017
Con el objetivo de analizar las competencias de la generación Google en el perfil del profesional que se forma en carreras tecnológicas de la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Carazo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional, y analítico. Fueron analizados los datos sobre las características sociodemográficas, comportamientos, habilidades tecnológicas e investigativas, notas promedio, buenas y malas prácticas de esta generación, con el fin de establecer las relaciones con el rendimiento académico. Los análisis estadísticos efectuados fueron descriptivos y pruebas de hipótesis tales como: Independencia Chi2 de Pearson, análisis de varianza univariado de Fisher, test de Fisher (LSD), contrastes ortogonales, análisis multivariante de la varianza de Wilks y el test de Hotelling. Del análisis y discusión de los resultados obtenidos, se alcanzaron las siguientes conclusiones: El uso Muy Frecuente de los dispositivos tecnológicos fue la categoría de mayor promedio con un 43.42 %; La preferencia del internet y sus motores de búsqueda como Google para investigar obtuvo la mayor preferencia con el 100%, la categoría Buena del índice de competencia es la de mayor predominio con el 61.84%. Los análisis de varianza demostraron relación de causa efecto (p = 0.0271, p = 0.0157, p = 0.0342), entre la habilidad para manipular dispositivos tecnológicos y las notas finales de tercero, cuarto y primer semestre de quinto, evidenciando que los estudiantes con categoría Muy buena en esta habilidad, obtuvieron los mejores promedios en tercero, cuarto y el primer semestre de quinto.
Incidencia de la comprensión lectora en el aprendizaje del estudiante
Este artículo resume los resultados de la investigación Incidencia de la comprensión lectora en el aprendizaje del estudiante, estudio realizado en la carrera de Contaduría Pública y Finanzas en la asignatura Contabilidad I en la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Carazo, UNAN – Managua en el año 2018, hoy Centro Universitario Regional de Carazo CUR Carazo, con el objetivo de determinar la relación de la comprensión lectora en el aprendizaje del estudiante. Como resultado de este estudio se evidencio que los docentes implementan estrategias y técnicas metodológicas prácticas para el desarrollo de la asignatura Contabilidad I, para estimular la comprensión de la teoría contable. La contribución teórica de este estudio comprende una amplia revisión bibliográfica sobre estrategias metodológicas para fomentar la comprensión lectora y la relación en el proceso de aprendizaje de la asignatura contabilidad I; en tanto, el aporte práctico es el diseñó de una propuesta de estrategia metodológica para estimular la comprensión de textos escritos, que fortalecerá las capacidades docentes y por ende, mejorará la calidad educativa, en el contexto universitario.