Análisis comparativo de empresas multinacionales y empresas nacionales: un enfoque basado en la metodología de emparejamiento por puntaje de propensión
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https://doi.org/10.5377/reice.v12i24.20097Palabras clave:
Propensity score matching, empresas multinacionales, empresas nacionales, desempeño económico, competitividadResumen
El estudio tiene como objetivo emplear la metodología Propensity Score Matching (PSM) para realizar un análisis comparativo integral de las diferencias de competitividad y desempeño entre las empresas nacionales independientes que cotizan en bolsa (ED) y las empresas multinacionales (EMN). Utilizando datos de 2010 a 2022 y que abarcan empresas de todo el mundo provenientes de la base de datos Orbis, esta investigación intenta ofrecer información sobre el desempeño económico de las ED y las EMN y consolidar los resultados a escala global. Al crear grupos de tratamiento y control comparables de ED y EMN basados en características observables y controlar posibles variables de confusión como el tamaño de la empresa, el sector industrial, el número de empleados, la clasificación económica de los países y la ubicación geográfica, este enfoque facilita un examen sólido de los indicadores clave de desempeño diferenciales entre los dos grupos. Los hallazgos describen las características distintivas y los resultados de desempeño de las ED en comparación con las EMN, revelando que las EMN a menudo superan a sus contrapartes locales en productividad y eficiencia, especialmente en industrias marcadas por la competencia global y la tecnología avanzada. Sin embargo, existen importantes brechas de desempeño entre países, influenciadas por factores como la presencia en el mercado global, el acceso al capital y las condiciones del mercado, y estas dinámicas varían con el tiempo.
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