Understanding Public Engagement on Government Social Media: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/reice.v12i24.20096Keywords:
Public engagement, government social media, structural equation modeling, mediating effectsAbstract
The study investigates the determinants of public engagement on government social media platforms in Malaysia, employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyse the relationships between key variables. The research examines the influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, perceived content, social influence, and facilitating conditions on public engagement, while also exploring the mediating effects of gratification. The relationship model demonstrates strong fit, supported by the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) values nearing 1, indicating a high degree of model fit. This suggests that the model accurately captures the relationships between observed variables and their underlying constructs. Additionally, the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) values fall below the recommended thresholds of 0.08, further affirming the model's adequacy in representing the complexity of the relationships among the variables. While the structural model exhibits slightly lower CFI and TLI values compared to the measurement model, indicating potential room for improvement, the RMSEA and SRMR values remain within an acceptable range. This suggests that while there may be areas for refinement, the structural model adequately represents the relationships between the variables. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and government agencies seeking to optimize their social media communication strategies and foster greater citizen participation.
Downloads
References
Alkraiji, A. I. (2021). An examination of citizen satisfaction with mandatory e-government services: comparison of two information systems success models. Transforming Government: People, Process And Policy, 15(1), 36-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/TG-01-2020-0015
Alkhatib, G., & Bayouq, S. (2024). County Readiness for eTourism Using Systematic Gap Analysis: The Case of Jordan. European Journal of Studies in Management and Business, 29, 36-55. https://doi.org/10.32038/mbrq.2024.29.03
Alonso-Cañadas, J., Galán-Valdivieso, F., Saraite-Sariene, L., & Caba-Pérez, C. (2020). Committed to health: key factors to improve users’ online engagement through Facebook. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 17(6), 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph17061814
Babatunde, O. A. B. (2021). Adaptive capability, social media agility, ambidextrous marketing capability, and business survival: a mediation analysis. Marketing and Branding Research, 8(1), 31. https://eurokd.com/doi/10.33844/mbr.2021.60328
Baharuddin, G., Hilmiyah, N., Hubbansyah, A. K., & Syafiai, M. H. (2024). The Rise of Social Behavior in Social Media Marketing During Pandemic. European Journal of Studies in Management and Business, 30, 49-56. https://doi.org/10.32038/mbrq.2024.30.03
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
Blumler, J. G., & Katz, E. (1974). The uses of mass communications: current perspectives on gratifications research. Sage Annual Reviews Of Communication Research Volume III. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED119208
Blut, M., Chong, A., Tsiga, Z., & Venkatesh, V. (2021). Meta-analysis of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT): challenging its validity and charting A research agenda in the red ocean. Journal Of The Association For Information Systems, Forthcoming, 23(1), 13-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00719
bin Zakaria, M. F. Z., & Ahmad, M. Y. (2015). Online Incivility: The Shaping of Online Discussion by MalaysiaKini. Journal of Media and Information Warfare Vol.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
Chen, K. J., & Cheung, H. L. (2019). Unlocking the power of ephemeral content: The roles of motivations, gratification, need for closure, and engagement. Computers In Human Behavior, 97(7), 67-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.007
Chen, Q., Min, C., Zhang, W., Wang, G., Ma, X., & Evans, R. (2020). Unpacking the black box: How to promote citizen engagement through government social media during the COVID-19 crisis. Computers In Human Behavior, 110, 106380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106380
Chen, Y. R. R. (2018). Consumer engagement in social media in China. The Handbook Of Communication Engagement, 475-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119167600.ch32
Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is the coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98
Di Gangi, P. M., & Wasko, M. M. (2016). Social media engagement theory: Exploring the influence of user engagement on social media usage. Journal Of Organizational And End User Computing (JOEUC), 28(2), 53-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/JOEUC.2016040104
Dhiman, N., Arora, N., Dogra, N., & Gupta, A. (2020). Consumer adoption of smartphone fitness apps: an extended UTAUT2 perspective. Journal Of Indian Business Research, 12(3), 363-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-05-2018-0158
Dominic, D., Gisip, I. A., Sahak, S. Z., & Lajuni, N. (2021). Trust and posted topic characteristics on governments social media communication success: an empirical study. Romanian Journal Of Information Technology And Automatic Control, 31(1), 29-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33436/v31i1y202102
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal Of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th Ed.). Cengage Learning EMEA.
Hair Jr., J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal Of Business Research, 109(C), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook (p. 197). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hariguna, T., Rahardja, U., Aini, Q., & Nurfaizah (2019). Effect of social media activities to determinants public participate intention of e-government. Procedia Computer Science, 161, 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.119
Hefler, M., Kerrigan, V., Grunseit, A., Freeman, B., Kite, J., & Thomas, D. P. (2020). Facebook-based social marketing to reduce smoking in Australia’s first nations communities: an analysis of reach, shares, and likes. Journal Of Medical Internet Research, 22(12), e16927. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16927
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal Of The Academy Of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Hujran, O., Abu-Shanab, E., & Aljaafreh, A. (2020). Predictors for the adoption of e-democracy: an empirical evaluation based on a citizen-centric approach. Transforming Government: People, Process And Policy, 14(3), 523-544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/TG-03-2019-0016
Hussain, A., & Shabir, G. (2020). Cognitive needs and use of social media: A comparative study of gratifications sought and gratification obtained. Information Discovery And Delivery, 48(2), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1108/IDD-11-2019-0081
Hussein, R., & Hassan, S. (2017). Customer engagement on social media: how to enhance continuation of use. Online information review, 41(7), 1006-1028. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-02-2016-0047
Idemudia, E. C., Raisinghani, M. S., & Samuel-Ojo, O. (2018). The contributing factors of continuance usage of social media: An empirical analysis. Information Systems Frontiers, 20(6), 1267-1280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-016-9721-3
Im, I., Hong, S., & Kang, M. S. (2011). An international comparison of technology adoption: Testing the UTAUT model. Information & Management, 48(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2010.09.001
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1984). Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood, instrumental variables, and least squares methods.
Khadzali, N. R., & Zan, Z. M. (2019). Exploring e-participation policy and initiatives in Malaysia. International Journal Of Law, Government And Communication, 4(16), 10-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.416002
Khan, M. I., Saleh, M. A., & Quazi, A. (2021). Social media adoption by health professionals: A TAM-based study. Informatics, 8(1), 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics8010006
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles And Practice Of Structural Equation Modeling. Guilford publications.
Liu, X., Min, Q., & Han, S. (2020). Understanding users’ continuous content contribution behaviours on microblogs: An integrated perspective of uses and gratification theory and social influence theory. Behaviour & Information Technology, 39(5), 525-543. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1603326
Mäntymäki, M., & Riemer, K. (2014). Digital natives in social virtual worlds: A multi-method study of gratifications and social influences in Habbo Hotel. International Journal Of Information Management, 34(2), 210-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.12.010
Mokmin, N. A. M., & Ibrahim, N. A. (2021). The evaluation of chatbot as a tool for health literacy education among undergraduate students. Education and Information Technologies, 26(5), 6033-6049. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10542-y
Mukti, O. F. W., & Putri, N. K. (2021). Social media analytics: Instagram utilization for delivering health education messages to young adult in Indonesia. Journal promkes: the indonesian Journal Of Health Promotion And Health Education, 9(1), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.V9.I1.2021.36-43
Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105(3), 430-445. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430
Nadzir, M. M. (2019). Proposed e-government 2.0 engagement model based on social media use in government agencies. In 2019 IEEE conference on e-learning, e-management & e-services (IC3e) (pp. 16-19). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC3e47558.2019.8971778
Naranjo-Zolotov, M., Oliveira, T., & Casteleyn, S. (2018). Citizens’ intention to use and recommend e-participation: Drawing upon UTAUT and citizen empowerment. Information Technology & People, 32(2), 364-386. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-08-2017-0257
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Rahim, A., A. I., Ibrahim, M. I., A. Salim, F. N., & Ariffin, M. A. I. (2019). Health information engagement factors in Malaysia: A content analysis of facebook use by the ministry of health in 2016 and 2017. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 16(4), 591. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph16040591
Rajaratnam, U. D. (2009). Role of traditional and online media in the 12th general election, Malaysia. The Journal of the South East Asia Research Centre for Communications and Humanities, 1(1), 33-58.
Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2022). Discriminant validity assessment in PLS-SEM: A comprehensive composite-based approach. Data Analysis Perspectives Journal, 3(2), 1-8.
Rigdon, E. E. (2012). Rethinking partial least squares path modeling: In praise of simple methods. Long Range Planning: International Journal Of Strategic Management, 45(5-6), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.09.010
Rubin, A. M. (2009). Uses-and-gratifications perspective on media effects. In Media Effects (pp. 181-200). Routledge.
Sathyanarayana, S., & Mohanasundaram, T. (2024). Fit Indices in Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Reporting Guidelines. Asian Journal Of Economics, Business And Accounting, 24(7), 561-577. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2024/v24i71430
Sawalha, S., Al-Jamal, M., & Abu-Shanab, E. (2019). The influence of utilising Facebook on e-government adoption. Electronic Government, An International Journal, 15(1), 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/EG.2019.10015532
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: a skill building approach. John wiley & sons.
Stafford, M. R., & Stafford, T. F. (1996). Mechanical commercial avoidance: A uses and gratifications perspective. Journal Of Current Issues & Research In Advertising, 18(2), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.1996.10505049
Syn, S. Y. (2021). Health information communication during a pandemic crisis: Analysis of CDC Facebook Page during COVID-19. Online Information Review, 45(4), 672-686. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-09-2020-0416
Tha’er Majali, M. A., Omar, A., Alsoud, M., & Alhassan, I. (2021). Social media use as health awareness tool: A study among healthcare practitioners. Multicultural Education, 7(2), 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4487282
van der Giessen, M., & Bayerl, P. S. (2022). Designing for successful online engagement: Understanding technological frames of citizen and police users of community policing platforms. Government Information Quarterly, 39(3), 101711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101711
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Yang, Y., Deng, W., Zhang, Y., & Mao, Z. (2021). Promoting public engagement during the covid-19 crisis: how effective is the wuhan local government’s information release? International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 18(1), 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010118
Yuan, Y. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., Tan, G. W. H., Cham, T. H., Ooi, K. B., Aw, E. C. X., & Currie, W. (2023). Government digital transformation: understanding the role of government social media. Government Information Quarterly, 40(1), 101775. https://doi.org/1016/j.giq.2022.101775
Zheng, Y., Zhao, K., & Stylianou, A. (2013). The impacts of information quality and system quality on users' continuance intention in information-exchange virtual communities: An empirical investigation. Decision Support Systems, 56, 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2012.11.008
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista Electrónica de Investigación en Ciencias Económicas

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.