REICE: Revista Electrónica de Investigación en Ciencias Económicas
REICE es la revista científica electrónica del Área de Conocimiento de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas de la UNAN-Managua, tiene una orientación académica investigativa con un exigente proceso de revisión por expertos y es totalmente gratuita. La Revista universitaria REICE acepta la publicación en idioma español e ingles de trabajos de investigación teórica y aplicada, originales y de relevancia que tratan sobre las áreas del conocimiento de la Economía, Contabilidad, Finanzas, Auditoría, Administración y Mercadeo.
National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Managua; UNAN-Managua
Solutions to perfect development institutions in Vietnam
Vietnam belongs to the group of developing countries with the fastest-growing economy in the world, so building institutions and supplementing legal regulations plays a vital role in planning the country's economic and social development strategies. To have a good institution, improving institution quality, and capacity to develop policies and propose feasible solutions is necessary and needs to be prioritized first. This research aims to analyze and clarify the basic solutions to improve development institutions in Vietnam today. In the current condition of Vietnam, the Vietnamese Government continues to prioritize and focus on perfecting institutions, amending and supplementing the legal system, especially newly arising practical issues, adjusting to remove obstacles in mechanisms and policies, creating favorable conditions for socio-economic development, which are urgent in the context of integration. The content of the article also points out and analyzes the role of development institutions in Vietnam today; what are the issues raised for perfecting development institutions in Vietnam today?; and solutions to perfecting development institutions in Vietnam today. Accordingly, the problems posed for perfecting development institutions in Vietnam today are clearly expressed in the following points: Institutions innovation has a broad set, depending on many different conditions and circumstances; Political institutions innovation is still slow compared to economic institution innovation; In the development of society, institutions related to policies of promoting competition will narrow the scope of authority and influence of state management agencies; The synchronization between political, cultural and social development institutions has not kept pace with economic development institutions and integration institutions. The solutions to focus on will be: perfecting democratic practice institutions; continuing to innovate thinking about building development institutions; Strengthening the legal framework for digital economic and creative urban development institutions; Raising awareness and understanding of sustainable development institutions. The limitation of this article is that it has not pointed out and analyzed the factors affecting the improvement of development institutions in Vietnam today.
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista Electrónica de Investigación en Ciencias Económicas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sustainable energy legislation: the cornerstone for achieving environmental and economic sustainability
The issue of energy is considered one of the most significant challenges in the current world, as the world seeks to transition towards using renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels, due to their negative impact on the climate and the environment. Achieving this transition heavily relies on effective legislation that supports investment in renewable energy and reduces harmful emissions. However, these legislations face challenges such as diversity, conflicts, and delays in implementing appropriate environmental policies. These challenges may hinder progress towards sustainable energy use and threaten efforts to conserve the environment and achieve sustainable development. Therefore, understanding the role of legislation in promoting renewable energy is crucial to ensure a balance between economic and environmental needs and to enhance sustainability in the long term.
Measuring Gender-Based Risk Perception in Multi-Hazard Areas of Pakistan
The elementary step to tackling disaster risk is to understand the risk perception of inhabitants, which might assist in determining how likely someone is to prepare for calamities. Risk perception is considered a vital agent for the preparedness strategies of disaster risk reduction. The most vital requirement of multi-hazard areas is to improve management strategies based on the risk perception of inhabitants. This study aims to assess how university students perceive risk in the multi-hazardous area of Muzaffarabad in Pakistan. The components used to measure risk perception were fear, awareness, behavior, and trust. A detailed review of the literature was used to identify the indicators, and an index-based method was used to calculate the overall risk perception. A structured survey method was used to collect data on the students' perceptions based on gender. Chi-square and Student's t-tests were used to determine how male and female students perceive the risk of different hazards. The results have shown that university students have different perceptions of risk regarding hazards. The study indicates that gender-specific disaster risk management techniques are crucial for effective and inclusive response and readiness strategies among male and female students in multi-hazard locations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Electrónica de Investigación en Ciencias Económicas http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Forecasting the economic dynamics of regional indicators affecting the Inclusive Development Index
This article presents a correlation and regression analysis of GRP indicators, along with a forecast of the main factors contributing to the inclusive growth index of regions, using the Volga Federal District as an example. The aim of the article is to forecast key development indicators for the Volga Federal District within the framework of the inclusive development concept. The research methods include correlation-regression analysis, statistical analysis, mathematical modeling, graphical analysis, comparative analysis, and a bibliometric review. The author identifies significant factors affecting GRP and the relationships between them. The analysis highlights that per capita income and demographic load are the major factors significantly impacting GRP and inclusive growth. The study also features charts depicting the dynamics of key socio-economic development factors in the Volga Federal District over a five-year period, up to 2028.
This article aims to classify and systematize the technologies used in the retail industry, addressing the growing need for a comprehensive framework to understand their integration. The study utilized a literature review and content analysis of academic papers, industry reports, and case studies, focusing on technology classifications based on functionality, impact on stakeholders, and implementation stages. The analysis resulted in a new classification system that categorizes retail technologies according to their application in online versus offline channels, the company’s strategic approach, and the stage of the purchasing path. This framework provides a holistic understanding of how different technologies are utilized in retail, offering practical insights for retailers to enhance their technological integration strategies. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of adapting to technological advancements to maintain market leadership in the competitive retail landscape.
Modeling the formation of an asset portfolio with risk optimization
This article authors investigate and study the modeling of the decision-making process under risk conditions. The purpose of this article is to identify the main patterns that determine the features of risk assessment in business as a key element contributing to the economic security of an organization, as well as to conduct a comparative analysis of methods for assessing and managing investment risks. The optimality of the investment portfolio is the highest priority task for decision-makers who want to achieve maximum returns with minimal risks. The article examines various directions of investor fund allocation to achieve maximum profit. An analysis of models and methods that allow investors to take into account the expected returns and risks of various assets when forming a portfolio is conducted. It is concluded that it is impossible to increase income without increasing risk or reduce risk without decreasing profit. The most diversified and best yielding portfolio per unit of risk will be one that contains the most risky assets.
Foreign Experience of Tax Incentives for the Innovation Development of Economies
The relevance of the study is determined by the need to analyze the experience of tax incentives in selected countries (in this case, the strategic partners of Vietnam) in order to identify its impact on the innovative development of the country. The purpose of the work is to test the hypothesis about the positive impact of the applied tax incentive instruments on the level of innovative development of the economies under consideration. The main methods used in this study include the collection and processing of statistical data, their comparative analysis, the study of the regulatory framework for tax regulation and other documents related to providing tax incentives for the innovative development of economies. As a result of the study, tax incentive measures were identified as the most effective among other government support measures aimed at achieving innovative development in the analyzed countries. The practical significance of the work done lies in the formation of a package of specific recommendations for the Vietnamese economy in the field of tax incentives for the innovative development of the country.
Practical aspects of the implementation of sustainable development and ESG policies in the banking sector: case of BRICS countries
This study examines the practical aspects of implementing sustainable development and ESG (environmental, social, and governance) policies in the banking sector, using the example of several BRICS member countries (China, South Africa, Brazil, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia). We consider the key legal acts and regulatory features that govern sustainable development and ESG policy in the banking sector in each country. We also analyze the institutional features and major organizations involved in implementing sustainable development and ESG banking policies in these BRICS countries. Our analysis shows that the banking sector plays a significant role in implementing sustainable development principles in China. Additionally, the UAE and Saudi Arabia place great emphasis on green finance and encourage the financing of environmentally friendly projects. For its part, Brazil has achieved significant progress in fostering sustainable development within the banking sector through the collaboration of key government agencies and stakeholders. Similarly, South Africa has made substantial strides in implementing sustainable development policies within the banking industry over the past five years.
Method for Digitally Signing Document Images for Their Verification in Electronic Document Management Systems
The article discusses a method for digitally signing document images without using metadata or additional files. The method is resistant to jpeg compression within certain limits. The object of the digital signature is 8x8 pixel blocks with a discrete cosine transform applied, which make up the jpeg file. A method to achieve resistance to jpeg compression is to quantize (reduce the precision) the values in the blocks so that when the signature is calculated, they remain unchanged up to a certain compression level. The study presents a robust method for digitally signing JPEG images that remains effective despite compression. This method is particularly useful for verifying the authenticity of document images in electronic document management systems without requiring extensive infrastructure or certification processes.
Economic Diagnostics of Industrial Production Risks: Regional Aspect
The purpose of the article is to substantiate the importance of using economic and statistical methods to assess the risks associated with regional industrial development. The study focuses on analyzing absolute and relative indicators of volatility, sustainability of growth, and dynamic risks. The research methodology involves a quantitative assessment of industrial production risks, using the North Caucasus Federal District of Russia as a case study. Results indicate significant fluctuations in industrial production across different regions, highlighting areas of high risk and instability. The analysis reveals uneven development patterns and emphasizes the need for systematic risk assessment to support industrial sectors effectively. The conclusion underscores that accurate risk diagnostics are crucial for forming regional development strategies and adjusting government management in response to external volatility, ensuring sustainable economic growth and industrial progress in macroregions.
Assessing the resilience of Russian regions in the context of import localization
As exemplified by the constituent entities of the Volga Federal District, Russian Federation, the authors test various methods and assess the resilience of the regions to the transformation of foreign economic relations. The proposed toolkit is based on the developed methodological approach providing a dichotomous analysis of resilience within the framework of two key components: vulnerability and the effectiveness of economic recovery. The results of testing the developed approaches allow the construction of a resilience matrix for the constituent entities of the Volga Federal District and determine their development potential in the context of systemic transformations.
Risks to Sustainable Economic Development in Russia Under Sanction-Induced Import Restrictions: A Regional and Sectoral Perspective
The purpose of the article was to analyze the direct and indirect dependencies of Russia's economic sectors on imports of intermediate and final consumption. The methodological foundation of the study is the construction of an intersectoral balance through the creation and subsequent analysis of "input-output" tables. The statistical data were collected from Rosstat for the period from 2012 to 2020. The object of the study is the Russian Federation. Based on the evaluations carried out, the most critical areas have been identified that determine the dependency of the Russian national economy on the import of intermediate and final products within the system of economic activity organization for the major types of economic activities. An important result of the work is the assessment of import dependency across individual sectors of the manufacturing industry.
Dynamic interaction analyses between green territory expansion, emissions reduction, and tourism in the balkan and european countries
This paper studies the dynamics and trends in the intricate interplay of factors shaping the environmental landscape within the Balkan region and several European countries in a context of a highly competitive and global economic environment. The aim of this study is to analyse the dynamic relationships among expenditure on green technologies, expansion of green territories, waste management practices, energy efficiency, and activation of tourism. A comparative analysis of the green territories coefficient was conducted for Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Central Europe and the Baltics, Georgia, the Republic of North Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine. It was established that the leaders are Bulgaria and Albania, as the coefficient of green territories expansion for these countries, like for the majority analyzed, does not undergo significant growth. However, the difference between the coefficient of green territory expansion and the growth rates of the total emissions of pollutants increases, indicating the implementation of "green technologies" in production by these countries, resulting in a reduction in emissions of various types of pollutants. Through a comprehensive analysis of regional data and case studies, the authors explore the causal relations between terrestrial and marine protected areas, nitrous oxide emissions, methane emissions, total greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 emissions, forest area, GDP per capita. The authors' contribution to scientific knowledge lies in the formulation of the green territory expansion coefficient, defined as the difference between green territories and the incremental growth in emissions. The study produces a definition and discusses benefits such as enhanced understanding of environmental dynamics and trends and potential for fostering sustainable practices. However, drawbacks may include the complexity of integrating various factors and the challenges associated with implementation and coordination across diverse regions. Practical recommendations for policymakers and other stakeholders committed to fostering resilient and sustainable regional ecosystems in the context of global environmental changes and the growth of tourism are proposed.
Territorial governance. Dialogue with agricultural producers in northwestern Mexico
The structure of the Mexican countryside was substantially modified with the reforms to Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution in the 1990s, intensifying the challenge of rural governance. This article analyzes the governance actions carried out by actors in the Yaqui Valley, which promote forms of organization based on five dimensions: 1) coordination 2) horizontality 3) bonds of trust 4) conflict and 5) environment. For data collection, seven producer organizations were interviewed on farmlands and complemented with field notes and observation. The analysis of the results shows two governance models: the first is characterized by association, working together or in partnership, while the second stands out for the independence of the producer and maintains little association. Both models present advantages and disadvantages; however, the collective form of organization, as opposed to the individual one, shows a better performance. It is concluded that territorial governance could be considered an alternative in the design of public policies that promote economic and social development, based on the recognition of actors, the particularities of the territory and the institutional environment.
Gender Aspects in ICT Managers Education at PUEB Czech Republic
The ongoing digitalisation of the economy places great emphasis ongreatly emphasizes the number and quality of ICT professionals. In addition, it is very important for master's degree programmes that the investment in individuals' education is effective, i.e., that they complete their studies successfully and enter the workforce after the standard period of study. The ICT sector has long suffered from a lack of women and the female factor in project teams. Does the gender factor play a role in these realities? Therefore, for the purposes of this article, we have selected the following three research questions from our long-term research, and formulate answers to them in this article: RQ1: Is the share of women in master's informatics degree programs growing over time? RQ2: Do women graduate from master's informatics study programs earlier than men? RQ3: Is the completion rate of women higher than that of men? The source of the data is time series a time series of data on students at the Prague University of Economics and Business (PUEB) for the academic years 2013/2014-2022/2023. On the basis ofBased on the analysis, we can conclude that the proportion of women studying master's degree programmes is increasing over time (from 20 % in AY 2013/2014 to about 33 % in AY 2022/2023), as is the number of successful female graduates. The duration of the Master's degree is approximately 0.1 semester shorter for women than for men, and the completion rate is also higher for women for 8 percent points inby 8 percent points on average during the period 2013-2021.
Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility – Choosing the Right Measurement Approach
This study aims to explore the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) measurement approaches and suggest a specific approach to measure the CSR activities of listed companies at the Muscat Stock Exchange (MSX). Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) contributed significantly to CSR disclosure and the performance of businesses in building a positive image in society. Choosing the right method to measure CSR is challenging for businesses, especially when external indexes are available. This research paper is a conceptual paper aiming to explore the different CSR measurement approaches and choose the right measurement approach that suits Omani businesses. The most common approaches to measure CSR are content analysis, reputational indices, questionnaire-based surveys, and one-dimensional measures. There are different approaches and indices that measure the CSR performance of businesses, but those are general and do not apply to all economies. Thus, a country-specific measurement approach is required to accurately measure all aspects of CSR performance. Therefore, it is suggested that a CSR index be constructed based on the quantitative content analysis method. The study proposed to develop a CSR index based on a quantitative content analysis method, which will help measure the CSR disclosure of all listed companies at MSX. This study provides valuable insight to researchers, businesses, regulators, policymakers, and society as a whole on CSR measurement approaches that fit Oman's economy.
Understanding Public Engagement on Government Social Media: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
The study investigates the determinants of public engagement on government social media platforms in Malaysia, employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyse the relationships between key variables. The research examines the influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, perceived content, social influence, and facilitating conditions on public engagement, while also exploring the mediating effects of gratification. The relationship model demonstrates strong fit, supported by the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) values nearing 1, indicating a high degree of model fit. This suggests that the model accurately captures the relationships between observed variables and their underlying constructs. Additionally, the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) values fall below the recommended thresholds of 0.08, further affirming the model's adequacy in representing the complexity of the relationships among the variables. While the structural model exhibits slightly lower CFI and TLI values compared to the measurement model, indicating potential room for improvement, the RMSEA and SRMR values remain within an acceptable range. This suggests that while there may be areas for refinement, the structural model adequately represents the relationships between the variables. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and government agencies seeking to optimize their social media communication strategies and foster greater citizen participation.
Comparative Analysis of Multinational Enterprises and Domestic Companies: A Propensity Score Matching Methodology Approach
The study aims to employ the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methodology to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of competitiveness and performance differences between publicly listed independent domestic companies (DCs) and multinational enterprises (MNEs). Utilizing data from 2010 to 2022 and encompassing companies worldwide sourced from the Orbis database, this research endeavours to offer insights into the economic performance of DCs and MNEs and consolidate results on a global scale. By creating comparable treatment and control groups of DCs and MNEs based on observable characteristics, and controlling for potential confounding variables such as company size, industry sector, number of employees, countries' economy classification, and geographical location, this approach facilitates a robust examination of the differential key performance indicators between the two groups. The findings outline the distinct characteristics and performance outcomes of DCs compared to MNEs, revealing that MNEs often outperform their local counterparts in productivity and efficiency, especially in industries marked by global competition and advanced technology. However, significant performance gaps exist across countries, influenced by factors such as global market presence, access to capital, and market conditions, with these dynamics varying over time.
Analysis of Effects of Macroeconomic Policies on the Economic Recovery of Laos PDR after the Covid-19 Pandemic
This study investigates the effects of monetary and international economic factors on the economic growth and stability of Laos by using quarterly time series data from Q1 2017 to Q3 2023. An auto auto-regressive distribution lag (ARDL) model was applied to the model estimation. This study also revealed the problem and transmission mechanism of Laos’ economic recovery. Based on empirical results, a negative relationship between CPI and GDP can be affirmed. Furthermore, it can be confirmed that money supply, bank interest rates, and exchange rates have a positive impact on CPI and GDP. However, the relationship between goods export value and GDP is negative. Moreover, it can be concluded that all independent variables have more varied effects on GDP than on CPI. Thus, the government can adapt the empirical results as tools and guidelines for effective and efficient monetary and international economic policy implementation to enhance economic recovery and accelerate sustainable economic development and growth. Currently, the critical economic problem of Laos that needs to solve be solved is rapidly increasing inflation. Therefore, the high inflation rate must be reduced to avoid the long-term risk of hyperinflation.
Does Board Cultural and Gender Diversity Influence Firm Performance? Panel Data Evidence from US Listed Companies
By uncovering the nuanced effects of board diversity on key performance metrics, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics shaping modern corporate governance. Thus, this study investigates the impact of cultural and gender diversity in the boards of directors of American companies listed in the S&P 500 index. Focusing on 204 firms from the IT, industrial, and health sectors, the analysis spans from 2000 to 2023. The quantitative framework consists of fixed and random-effects linear and non-linear regression models, covering also interaction terms in order to capture the effects of the COVID-19 global health crisis. The empirical findings reveal several noteworthy insights. Firstly, the presence of a diversity policy on boards positively influences return on equity and return on assets. Secondly, gender diversity on boards is positively associated with firm performance as measured by return on equity and return on assets. On the contrary, cultural diversity exhibits a negative impact on firm performance. Moreover, non-linear models reveal the presence of a turning point at 35.78 for gender diversity. Beyond this point, its impact transitions from positive to negative while retaining statistical significance. Furthermore, models incorporating interaction variables based on the pandemic crisis reveal interesting dynamics. In models without effects, the pandemic crisis negatively influences cultural diversity, suggesting a detrimental impact. Overall, these findings highlight the complex interplay between board diversity, firm performance, and external factors such as the pandemic crisis, offering valuable insights for policymakers and managers aiming to foster inclusive corporate governance and navigate crises effectively.
Exploring the Impact of Environmental Factors on Performance: Empirical Evidence for FTSE100 Companies
The purpose of this article is to investigate if certain environmental factors affect performance, with a focus on asset and equity profitability. The issue being addressed is extensively topical, given the current circumstances surrounding environmental concerns and sustainability. Studies that analyze how environmental factors such as pollutant emissions or natural resource use are essential for understanding the long-term impact of economic activities on the environment and society. This provides , providing valuable information for developing more sustainable and environmentally responsible practices and , but also helps to increase the company's performance and image. A sample of companies from the United Kingdom belonging to the FTSE100 stock index is used across a 10-year period10 years, from 2015 to 2024. The quantitative framework incorporates a variety of variables, including performance, indebtedness, liquidity, resource usage factors, and variables related to emissions. The econometric methodology uses the ordinary least squares method to investigate existing interactions, implementing regression models without effects and models with fixed and random effects. Environmental factors have a significant influence on ROA and ROE, according to estimates from several multiple regression modelsAccording to estimates from several multiple regression models, environmental factors have a significant influence on ROA and ROE. Thus, total CO2 emissions, NOx emissions, and expenditures for environmental protection are statistically significant and negatively impact ROA and ROE, while the total renewable energy has a positive influence.
Lean Six Sigma Implementation and Sustainability: An Investigation into Moroccan Manufacturing Firms
Goal: The purpose of this paper is to explore the implementation level of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) within manufacturing companies in Morocco. It examines the LSS tools used by these industries and their impact on sustainable performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 participants from industrial companies and analyzed using NVivo 10 software. Results: The results indicated that both Lean and Six Sigma approaches are used; however, Lean tools are predominant. The most used LSS tools include 5S, VSM, Ishikawa, standardized work, DMAIC, Kanban, and visual management. Interviewees perceived that effective implementation of LSS tools positively influences sustainable performance, with particular improvements noted in the economic pillar. Limitations of the investigation: The potential for biased responses due to the subjective nature of interviews and the lack of generalizability of findings beyond the specific context of Moroccan manufacturing companieslimitation of the study is the potential for biased responses due to the subjective nature of interviews and the lack of generalizability of findings beyond the specific context of Moroccan manufacturing companies. Practical implications: This study offers practical guidance to manufacturing companies in Morocco, helping them to select appropriate Lean Six Sigma tools, prioritize improvement initiatives, cultivate a culture of continuous improvement, benchmark against industry standards and, ultimately, improve sustainable performance results. Originality / Value: Most studies dedicated to investigating the impact of LSS on sustainability has have been conducted in developed countries. Therefore, the originality of this work is in to trying to exploringe those concepts in a developing country like Morocco.
Competitive Advantage and Operational Efficiency: Key Drivers of Retail Success
Present study investigates the relationships between consumer preferences, competitive advantage, and retail success within the context of Saudi Arabia. By utilizing a sample of 386 respondents, the research employs a quantitative approach to analyze the significance of various constructs, including market trends, technology adoption, operational efficiency, and the regulatory environment. Study findings shows that consumer preferences positively influence competitive advantage, which in turn enhances retail success. Additionally, study highlights the crucial role of market trends and technology adoption in driving operational efficiency and improving overall retail outcomes. The results underscore the importance of aligning business strategies with consumer needs and market dynamics in Saudi Arabia, providing valuable insights for practitioners aiming to enhance organizational performance and competitiveness.
Analysis of tourism sustainability in León, Nicaragua, applying global sustainable tourism criteria
In this article, the sustainability of tourism in the city of León, Nicaragua, is examined through the application of the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria (GSTC). The main objective is to analyze how tourist growth in the region has been managed, considering principles of environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, which included the collection of secondary data from reports and government databases, as well as quantitative and qualitative analyses. Additionally, interviews were conducted with key stakeholders in the local tourism sector. The findings reveal a notable commitment to sustainable tourism management and active community participation. However, areas requiring attention and improvement were also identified, such as public accessibility and the implementation of adequate wage policies for sector workers. Despite these challenges, it was observed that support and promotion programs have been effective, although it is essential to further encourage sustainable production and the development of local entrepreneurs. León, with its rich cultural and historical heritage, presents a high potential to attract tourists, which in turn can stimulate the local economy and create new employment opportunities. This analysis provides a comprehensive view of the challenges and opportunities facing León on its path to responsible and sustainable tourism. By identifying both successes and areas for improvement, it lays the groundwork for a future in which tourism positively contributes to the well-being of the community and the natural environment.
Challenges and opportunities for the development of entrepreneurship in rural agroindustry in Nicaragua
This article analyzes the challenges and opportunities faced by rural agroindustrial companies in Nicaragua, highlighting the importance of innovation and the promotion of innovative ventures to promote sustainable growth in this strategic productive sector. Through descriptive analysis, the article identifies the prevailing obstacles and promising avenues to promote progress and overcome challenges, which could be leveraged for further development of agribusiness in rural areas. An investigation is carried out on the current problems and potential solutions that contribute to boosting agriculture and industry. This article is based on conducting surveys with a number of 138 protagonists of the National Fair Park, who have received technical assistance to improve the presentation and quality of their products. One of the main findings highlights the importance of government support and continuous training to strengthen administrative skills and market strategies. The strategic creation of this promotion and marketing space has provided an effective platform to establish direct marketing of products, benefiting small and medium producers. Likewise, the need for more rigorous institutional monitoring and continuous attention to guarantee the sustainability of rural agroindustries is highlighted. In addition to maintaining and expanding training programs as an integral part of the sector's development strategies.
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Exploring the heterogeneous effects of the investment climate on employment and productivity in Nicaragua
Using data from the World Bank's 2010 and 2016 Enterprise Survey, this research analyzes how the business climate affects the performance of Nicaraguan companies. The cell average method was used to prevent endogeneity, where each firm faces the average investment climate conditions of the activity and size to which it belongs in the initial period, instead of its own conditions at the current period. The results confirm that there are significant differences in the investment climate conditions and their effects are non-linear. Microenterprises increase employment and productivity with access to financing but face greater credit restrictions. The regulatory burden also affects companies differently depending on their size: large companies face more inspections and perceive customs regulations as significant obstacles but are more efficient in handling them. Microenterprises, although they spend less time on regulations, face higher relative costs due to informal payments and practices, which negatively impact their growth. Deficiencies in electrical infrastructure have a dual negative effect: they affect employment growth by microenterprises, suggesting that these companies are unable to substitute capital for labor to mitigate these problems, and they also affect the productivity of large companies.
Cleaning databases was crucial for effective financial analysis, improving data quality, reducing errors and optimizing resources. This process included identifying and removing irrelevant and duplicate data, as well as correcting errors and inconsistent data. Database management tools, data duplicators and validators were used, respecting the privacy and protection of personal data according to applicable regulations. The results showed that database cleaning is essential for the integrity and quality of data in financial analysis, fundamental for business sustainability. Upon completion, comfort with the analysis and information obtained was improved, increasing efficiency and productivity in financial analysis. Much data was found to be unstructured, making it difficult to optimize processing. Continuous data generation complicated collection and management. The analysis allowed us to decompose and synthesize the definition of data cleaning, methods and techniques for its execution, and processing mechanisms. Various tools were also presented to manage information, providing ideas to innovate, grow in the long term and create more effective strategies, improving efficiency and productivity in financial analysis.
Analyzing heterogeneous effects: How competition by informal firms affects firms’ productivity in Nicaragua
Using data from the World Bank’s 2010 and 2016 Enterprise Surveys, this research analyzed how informality affects the performance of Nicaraguan formal firms. Utilizing indices (IRICI) of informal competition intensity, significant variations were found between economic activities. The results indicate that factors such as firm size, never having been informal, capacity utilization, and location outside of Managua decrease the perception of threat. The intensity of informal competition appears to increase productivity in large firms, neutralize it in medium-sized firms, and decrease it in micro and small firms. Interactive factors with the investment climate showed that the time spent handling regulations and informal payments negatively affect productivity under high informal competition. Other factors, such as the time needed to obtain an import license, can have positive effects, allowing firms to differentiate themselves. Access to credit reduces the perception of threat and has positive but not significant effects on productivity, highlighting ongoing historical limitations. To improve the study, it is necessary to incorporate more aspects associated with the theorized benefits of formality. Although preventive measures were applied, empirically, the results should be validated using instrumental variables to obtain an IRICI index at the level of economic activities corrected for potential endogeneity.
Método algebraico en costos generados por los departamentos de servicios
Todas las empresas productivas tienen unidades o departamentos que generan servicios a la producción, unas en mayor proporción que otras; estos servicios brindados generan costos, y aunque en ocasiones no se considera al método más adecuado a utilizar, lo más normal y fácil es hacer un prorrateo, obviando cualquier técnica o método que permita clasificar, distribuir y registrar correctamente de tal manera que se aproxime a calcular el costo unitario de un producto lo más exacto posible. En teoría existen métodos de distribución de los costos generados por los departamentos de servicios, unos más fácil de aplicación que los otros; trátese del método directo, aunque éste tiene sus limitantes, puede considerarse más próximo a la exactitud el método escalonado y el método recíproco o también llamado algebraico. El método algebraico como un medio para distribuir los costos generados por los departamentos de servicios presenta algunas limitaciones, es la complejidad por el hecho de desarrollar ecuaciones matemáticas. Este método está diseñado únicamente para realizarlo con dos departamentos; por tal razón, se hace una propuesta para aplicarlo a tres departamentos de servicios mediante ecuaciones lineales, en este caso no se resuelve por el método sustitución, para mayor facilidad se realiza por el método de eliminación.
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Las variables sociodemográficas y su relación con el síndrome Burnout (SBO) en administrativos de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña
Las pretensiones de la investigación van encaminadas a determinar la relación entre las variables sociodemográficas y el síndrome Burnout en el personal administrativo de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, la cual precisó de una metodología de investigación con enfoque cuantitativo de tipo transversal descriptivo, realizado a una población finita de administrativos contemplando datos sociodemográficos como sexo, condición laboral, edad y estado civil, seguido de la aplicación de la escala Maslach Burnout Inventory constituido por 16 ítems que abordan las dimensiones de agotamiento, cinismo y eficacia. Los hallazgos revelaron que una pequeña población de hombres y mujeres sin muchas diferencias marcadas comienza a padecer el síndrome burnout, así mismo el tipo de contratación nombrado y contratado alertan igualmente la presencia del síndrome. En relación con la edad se apreciaron ligeras diferencias al identificar que sin importar la edad el personal se encuentra con toda la energía para seguir realizando su trabajo, mientras que en la dimensión cinismo se presentan niveles medios y altos en la pérdida de motivación hacia el trabajo, haciéndose más visible esta pérdida cuando han superado la edad de 45 años y su eficacia este grupo solo alcanza niveles bajos y medios. Para la variable sociodemográfica de estado civil el grupo con mayor riesgo ante el síndrome burnout es el estado civil casados. La presencia de este riesgo demanda el interés de la institución.