Dynamic interaction analyses between green territory expansion, emissions reduction, and tourism in the balkan and european countries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5377/reice.v12i24.20092Keywords:
Green territory expansion, tourism and emissions reduction, risks, climate changes, greenhouse gas emission, comparative analysis, data analysisAbstract
This paper studies the dynamics and trends in the intricate interplay of factors shaping the environmental landscape within the Balkan region and several European countries in a context of a highly competitive and global economic environment. The aim of this study is to analyse the dynamic relationships among expenditure on green technologies, expansion of green territories, waste management practices, energy efficiency, and activation of tourism. A comparative analysis of the green territories coefficient was conducted for Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Central Europe and the Baltics, Georgia, the Republic of North Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine. It was established that the leaders are Bulgaria and Albania, as the coefficient of green territories expansion for these countries, like for the majority analyzed, does not undergo significant growth. However, the difference between the coefficient of green territory expansion and the growth rates of the total emissions of pollutants increases, indicating the implementation of "green technologies" in production by these countries, resulting in a reduction in emissions of various types of pollutants. Through a comprehensive analysis of regional data and case studies, the authors explore the causal relations between terrestrial and marine protected areas, nitrous oxide emissions, methane emissions, total greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 emissions, forest area, GDP per capita. The authors' contribution to scientific knowledge lies in the formulation of the green territory expansion coefficient, defined as the difference between green territories and the incremental growth in emissions. The study produces a definition and discusses benefits such as enhanced understanding of environmental dynamics and trends and potential for fostering sustainable practices. However, drawbacks may include the complexity of integrating various factors and the challenges associated with implementation and coordination across diverse regions. Practical recommendations for policymakers and other stakeholders committed to fostering resilient and sustainable regional ecosystems in the context of global environmental changes and the growth of tourism are proposed.
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