Epidemiological protection factor of AstraZeneca and Sputnik V vaccine in inhabitants of the department of Chontales. Nicaragua

Abstract

COVID-19 is associated with high morbimortality in elderly patients and/or with the presence of chronic diseases. It presents in most cases with a clinical condition corresponding to a self-limited upper respiratory infection; however, in at-risk groups it presents a rapid progression to severe pneumonia (Abreu et al., 2020, p.3) According to Ortiz (2022). This pandemic challenges the continuity of global development. Its impact in Nicaragua is slight, compared to countries in the Americas, as of November 2021, totaling 16,877 cases and 209 deaths, according to Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2021). The objective of this article is to determine the protection factor of the Astrazeneca and Sputnik V vaccines by means of the Epidemiological statistical application of the Odds ratio calculation, simultaneously exploring the exposure and the disease among the individuals of a specific population of Chontales, which were the elderly inhabitants of the municipalities of Acoyapa and La Libertad, This involved a first stage where a random sample of the population was obtained and then the sampled subjects were classified according to their exposure and health status. It is concluded that the association is statistically significant, that is to say that for each person who was not vaccinated and got Covid19, there are 0.1 persons older than 50 years who were vaccinated and got SARS-CoV-2, as the OR is less than 1, it is expressed that vaccination is a factor that protects persons older than 50 years who live in these municipalities because the high risk group is significantly lower according to the odds ratio of both groups.